生成式人工智能型网络谣言的法律综合治理

Legal Comprehensive Governance of Generative Artificial Intelligence-Based Online Rumors

摘要: 人工智能技术的发展正在重塑网络谣言的产生与传播。与传统网络谣言相比，AI网络谣言具有生成的高效性、内容的迷惑性、传播的精准性等特征。现有治理体系面对AI谣言存在平台责任缺位、刑事手段治理无力、行政监管不力等多重困境，无法有效回应对于AI网络谣言的治理需求。应当推动网络平台阶段化治理，落实主体责任；完善刑事程序中的自诉措施，明确主观要素的认定；完善行政处罚要件，规定行政处罚梯级制度，健全行刑衔接机制；同时积极探索网络谣言民事与行政公益诉讼治理，从而构建行之有效的AI型网络谣言的综合法律治理体系。

Abstract: The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is reshaping the production and dissemination of online rumors. Compared to traditional online rumors, AI-generated rumors are characterized by high efficiency in creation, deceptive content, and targeted dissemination. The existing governance framework faces multiple challenges in addressing AI rumors, including the lack of platform accountability, the ineffectiveness of criminal sanctions, and insufficient administrative supervision, which fail to adequately meet the governance demands for AI-generated online rumors. It is essential to promote phased governance by online platforms to enforce primary responsibility, refine self-initiated prosecution measures in criminal procedures to clarify the determination of subjective elements, improve the prerequisites for administrative penalties, establish a tiered administrative penalty system, and enhance the coordination between administrative and criminal enforcement. Concurrently, active exploration of civil and administrative public interest litigation for managing online rumors should be undertaken to construct a comprehensive and effective legal governance framework for AI-generated online rumors.