老幼共托模式的实践困境与优化路径分析

Analysis of Practical Challenges and Optimization Pathways for the Intergenerational Childcare Model

摘要: 随着人口老龄化和少子化加剧，老幼共托模式将养老与托育服务结合，提升老幼幸福指数。目前我国面临部门协调机制不健全、设施不足、城乡发展差异大、专业人才匮乏等问题，由此提出建立健全协调机制、整合空间资源等优化路径。未来研究应聚焦实践模式创新与问题解决，并嵌入理论视角。首先应以“全龄友好”理念为指导，统筹应对老龄化与少子化问题；其次需立足中华优秀传统文化，构建具有中国特色的老幼共托实践模式与学术体系，实现文化理念与制度设计的深度融合；最后应以老幼共托为载体，推动公共服务整合性供给研究，突破传统公共服务碎片化困境，探索多种服务“打包式”供给的新路径，从而拓展公共服务理论边界，降低供给成本，提升治理效能。

Abstract: As population aging and declining birth rates intensify, the integrated care model for the elderly and young children combines eldercare with childcare services to enhance the well-being of both age groups. Currently, China faces challenges such as inadequate interdepartmental coordination mechanisms, insufficient facilities, significant urban-rural development disparities, and a shortage of specialized personnel. This necessitates establishing robust coordination mechanisms and optimizing pathways through spatial resource integration. Future research should focus on practical model innovation and problem-solving while incorporating theoretical perspectives. First, guided by the concept of “age-friendly”, efforts should holistically address aging and low birth rates. Second, drawing from China’s rich traditional culture, a distinctive Chinese model and academic framework for integrated eldercare and childcare should be developed, achieving deep integration between cultural values and institutional design. Finally, using intergenerational care as a vehicle, research should advance integrated public service provision to overcome the fragmentation of traditional services. This involves exploring new pathways for bundled service delivery, thereby expanding the theoretical boundaries of public services, reducing supply costs, and enhancing governance effectiveness.