基于构式搭配分析的汉语“动词 + 下”和英语“Verb + Down”对比研究
A Contrastive Study of “Verb + Xia (下)” in Chinese and “Verb + Down” in English Based on Collostructional Analysis
摘要: 在构式语法理论的指导下，本研究对汉语“动词 + 下”与英语“verb + down”构式的语义特征进行了系统比较。尽管已有研究涉及两种结构的相关特征，但对其整体语义研究及跨语言对比仍显不足。本研究基于构式搭配分析方法，并借助大规模语料库数据，揭示了两类构式在语义分布上的共性与差异。研究结果表明，在两种构式中，描写人或物体移动的动词最为高频，显示二者在原型语义上具有一致性，即均以“由高到低的位移”作为核心意义。然而，二者在细化语义上呈现显著分化，汉语“动词 + 下”包含方向性、结果性、时间性和状态性四类语义，而英语“verb + down”主要体现方向性、结果性与状态性三类语义，不涉及时间性。此外，汉语构式还扩展出抽象方向性用法，如“传达下去”“发下来”等，而英语中则缺乏相应的构式化用法。
Abstract: This study compares the semantic features of the Chinese “verb + Xia (下)” and the English “verb + down” constructions using construction grammar theory. While previous research has addressed these structures, there has been limited analysis of their overall semantics and comparative aspects. Using constructional collocation analysis and large-scale corpus data, this study identifies both similarities and differences between the two constructions. Both constructions frequently use verbs of downward movement, reflecting a shared prototypical meaning. However, the Chinese “verb + Xia (下)” construction includes four types of meanings—directional, resultative, temporal, and stative—while the English “verb + down” covers only three—directional, resultative, and stative, excluding temporal meanings. Additionally, the Chinese construction includes abstract directional uses, such as “传达下去” and “发下来”, which have no direct English equivalents.
文章引用：高雅. 基于构式搭配分析的汉语“动词 + 下”和英语“Verb + Down”对比研究[J]. 现代语言学, 2026, 14(2): 450-458. https://doi.org/10.12677/ml.2026.142163

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