钻柱振动模拟测试自动化控制系统设计与实验研究

Design and Experimental Study of an Automated Control System for Drill String Vibration Simulation Testing

摘要: 当前的油气资源开采设备在系统智能化、集成化、经济性等方面还存在欠缺，无法满足现代工业在安全、高效、自动化和多功能方面的需求。基于实际钻井工况，本文创新设计了一种钻柱振动模拟测试自动化控制平台，可模拟钻柱在水平、斜直、垂直等不同井段下的工作状态。该平台由计算机辅助设计软件完成了三维模型搭建并进行方案可行性验证，开发了钻柱振动模拟测试自动化控制系统，它依托于Keil v5软件平台，以STM32单片机作为控制核心，通过上位机软件与单片机通信完成动力机构控制，利用数据采集软件开展钻柱振动模拟试验测试，将钻柱的不同方向与不同转速结合，采集得到钻柱振动实验数据。实验结果表明，通过测试不同参数条件下的钻柱振动，转速对基频大小影响不明显，但基频幅值随转速增加而变化，且与相应干扰力与载荷条件有关。该系统对于油气资源勘探开发节约成本，减小设备损坏、钻井事故发生具有积极意义，可为钻柱系统非线性动力学的深入分析与智能控制研究奠定基础。

Abstract: The current oil and gas resource extraction equipment still has shortcomings in system intelligence, integration, and cost-effectiveness, and cannot meet the modern industry’s requirements for safety, efficiency, automation, and multifunctionality. Based on actual drilling conditions, this paper innovatively designs an automated control platform for drill string vibration simulation testing, capable of simulating the operating states of the drill string in different well sections, including horizontal, inclined, and vertical. The platform’s three-dimensional model was constructed using computer-aided design software, and the feasibility of the plan was verified. An automated control system for drill string vibration simulation testing was developed, which relies on the Keil v5 software platform, uses an STM32 microcontroller as the control core, and controls the power mechanism through communication between the upper computer software and the microcontroller. Data acquisition software was used to conduct drill string vibration simulation tests, combining different directions and rotation speeds of the drill string to collect experimental vibration data. Experimental results show that by testing the drill string vibration under different parameter conditions, the rotation speed has little effect on the fundamental frequency magnitude, but the amplitude of the fundamental frequency changes with increasing rotation speed and is related to the corresponding interference force and load conditions. This system has significant implications for reducing costs in oil and gas exploration and development, minimizing equipment damage, and preventing drilling accidents. It can also provide a foundation for in-depth analysis and intelligent control research of the nonlinear dynamics of drill string systems.