成都市五大城区水样中总磷的测定与分析

Determination and Analysis of Total Phosphorus in Water Samples from the Five Major Urban Areas of Chengdu City

摘要: 随着环境保护的力度不断提升，水环境污染等问题得到了人们的广泛关注。磷是水体富营养化的主要诱因之一，过量的磷会导致藻类和其他水生植物过度繁殖，形成“水华”现象。实时监测水体中磷的含量至关重要。分光光度法，作为一种精密的分析检测技术，因其高准确性、灵敏度和实用性，成为测量水体中磷含量的常用手段之一。本论文选取了成都市五大城区的水样，通过过硫酸钾使试样消解以及与钼酸铵反应，进而被抗坏血酸还原，生成蓝色络合物，对水样中含磷情况进行了测试评估。通过分光光度计装置，选择190 nm~1100 nm波长的光进行分析，在光谱上得到700 nm特征峰。通过标准曲线的确定，计算出样品的吸光值，推算出水样中磷的浓度。结果显示，锦江区水样总磷含量最高(0.24 mg/L)，其余各区含量在0.04 mg/L~0.16 mg/L之间。研究表明总磷浓度呈“中游骤升、下游衰减”的空间分布模式以及总磷浓度与各区人口密度及GDP的正相关关系。通过对比分析有助于更好地了解水环境的情况，这对于环境保护和水质管理具有重要意义。

Abstract: With the continuous enhancement of environmental protection efforts, issues such as water pollution have garnered widespread attention. Phosphorus is one of the primary causes of water eutrophication, and excessive phosphorus can lead to the overgrowth of algae and other aquatic plants, resulting in the “water bloom” phenomenon. Real-time monitoring of phosphorus levels in water bodies is crucial. Spectrophotometry, as a precise analytical detection technique, has become one of the common methods for measuring phosphorus content in water due to its high accuracy, sensitivity, and practicality. This paper selected water samples from five major urban districts in Chengdu, digested the samples with potassium persulfate, and then reacted them with ammonium molybdate, followed by reduction with ascorbic acid to form a blue complex, thereby testing and evaluating the phosphorus content in the samples. Using a spectrophotometer device, light with wavelengths ranging from 190 to 1100 nm was selected for analysis, yielding a characteristic peak at 700 nm on the spectrum. By determining the standard curve, the absorbance values of the samples were calculated, and the phosphorus concentration in the water samples was estimated. The results showed that the Jinjiang District had the highest total phosphorus content (0.24 mg/L), while the contents in the other districts ranged between 0.04 and 0.16 mg/L. The study revealed a spatial distribution pattern of total phosphorus concentration characterized by a “sudden rise in the middle reaches and decline in the downstream,” as well as a positive correlation between total phosphorus concentration and the population density and GDP of each district. Comparative analysis helps us better understand the state of water environments, which is of great significance for environmental protection and water quality management.