昆仑–祁连–秦岭造山系生境建设与生态安全保障策略探究

Strategies for Habitat Development and Ecological Security Safeguarding in the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Orogenic System, Western China

摘要: 中国西部大型山系作为国家重要的生态安全屏障，其生境建设与生态安全保障对国家可持续发展具有战略意义。本文将研究范围聚焦于西部山系中的典型代表——昆仑–祁连–秦岭造山系，基于2000~2023年的遥感影像、气象及生态监测站点等多源数据，运用InVEST模型和生态脆弱性评价模型，对该廊道的生境质量、关键生态系统服务(水源涵养、碳固存)及生态脆弱性进行了时空演化分析。研究发现：(1) 在过去的24年间，廊道整体生境质量呈现下降趋势，其中昆仑区域退化最为显著(−56.4%)；(2) 水源涵养能力在昆仑区域大幅下降(−54.2%)，祁连山区域保持稳定，秦岭区域略有下降；(3) 受益于生态保护工程，廊道整体碳固存能力显著提升，祁连山区域增幅最大(+34.1%)；(4) 昆仑区域生态脆弱性极高，是廊道生态安全的关键短板。结合《“十五五”规划建议》中“美丽中国建设”的战略要求，本文构建了“监测预警–科学评估–系统修复–政策保障–国家公园建设”五维一体的生态安全保障策略框架，并绘制了其逻辑关系图。研究强调，应通过构建“空–天–地”一体化监测网络、建立基于脆弱性评估的差异化修复模式、完善跨区域协同治理与生态补偿机制，并重点推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，为保障西部大型山系的生态安全和实现区域可持续发展提供科学依据与决策支持。

Abstract: The Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling orogenic belt constitutes a critical ecological barrier in western China, yet its habitat quality and ecosystem services face escalating pressures from climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. To address this challenge, we integrated multi-source remote sensing data (2000~2023) with the InVEST model to quantitatively assess spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat quality, carbon sequestration, and soil retention across the region. Our results reveal a significant decline in habitat quality (−12.3% overall), with the Kunlun segment experiencing the most severe degradation (−56.4%). Concurrently, carbon sequestration capacity decreased by 8.7%, primarily driven by grassland fragmentation and forest loss. Based on these findings, we propose a three-tiered ecological security framework encompassing (1) cross-administrative ecological compensation mechanisms, (2) climate-resilient restoration corridors aligned with national park planning, and (3) community-based monitoring systems. This study provides actionable insights for implementing the “Ecological Civilization” strategy in China’s key mountainous regions and offers a transferable methodology for large-scale ecosystem assessment in data-scarce environments.