基于不同类型有机朗肯循环的内燃机余热发电系统性能对比分析
Comparative Analysis of Performance of Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Power Generation Systems Based on Different Types of Organic Rankine Cycles
DOI: 10.12677/se.2026.161005, PDF,   
作者: 王 伟, 吕欣淼, 吴玉庭：北京工业大学机械与能源工程学院，北京；传热与能源利用北京市重点实验室，北京
关键词: 有机朗肯循环；内燃机余热发电系统；性能对比分析；回热；Organic Rankine Cycle； Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Power Generation System； Performance Comparison Analysis； Regeneration
摘要: 在“双碳目标”战略背景下，开展内燃机余热高效回收技术研究，对推动节能减排、实现能源高效利用具有重要的理论与工程意义。为提升内燃机余热的利用效率，本文针对亚临界有机朗肯循环(ORC)、跨临界ORC及双级ORC三种循环构型开展热力学特性分析，系统探究了工质选型、蒸发温度及热源热量分配量对循环性能的影响规律，旨在为内燃机余热回收系统的技术选型与参数优化提供理论支撑。研究结果表明：亚临界ORC系统可实现与热源的充分换热，当选用R11作为循环工质时，系统最大净功输出可达325.1 kW，最佳热效率为16.11%；跨临界ORC系统具备更高的热效率潜力，以环己烷为工质时，循环最大热效率可达35.46%；双级ORC系统综合性能最优，不仅能够实现与热源的充分换热，还可获得最优净功输出与较高的热效率，其最大净功输出可达523.86 kW，最大热效率为25.7%，展现出更为优异的综合性能与工程应用潜力。
Abstract: Under the strategic background of the “dual carbon goals”, conducting research on efficient recovery technology of waste heat from internal combustion engines holds significant theoretical and engineering importance for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, as well as achieving efficient energy utilization. To enhance the utilization efficiency of waste heat from internal combustion engines, this paper conducts a thermodynamic characteristic analysis focusing on three cycle configurations: subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), transcritical ORC, and two-stage ORC. It systematically explores the influence of working fluid selection, evaporation temperature, and heat source heat distribution on cycle performance, aiming to provide theoretical support for the technical selection and parameter optimization of waste heat recovery systems for internal combustion engines. The research results indicate that the subcritical ORC system can achieve sufficient heat exchange with the heat source. When R11 is selected as the working fluid, the maximum net power output of the system can reach 325.1 kW, with an optimal thermal efficiency of 16.11%. The transcritical ORC system has higher potential for thermal efficiency. When cyclohexane is used as the working fluid, the maximum thermal efficiency of the cycle can reach 35.46%. The two-stage ORC system has the best comprehensive performance, not only achieving sufficient heat exchange with the heat source but also obtaining optimal net power output and high thermal efficiency. Its maximum net power output can reach 523.86 kW, and the maximum thermal efficiency is 25.7%, demonstrating superior comprehensive performance and engineering application potential.
文章引用：王伟, 吕欣淼, 吴玉庭. 基于不同类型有机朗肯循环的内燃机余热发电系统性能对比分析[J]. 可持续能源, 2026, 16(1): 37-51. https://doi.org/10.12677/se.2026.161005

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