轻罪治理背景下行政犯规范出罪问题研究

A Study on the Normative Exoneration of Administrative Offenders in the Context of Minor Offense Governance

摘要: 随着我国刑法治理结构向轻罪治理的转变，行政犯因为其特殊性，成为了当前司法实践的重要课题。近些年的一些判决，例如赵春华案等行政犯案件判决，引起了非常大的争议和讨论，判决结果备受质疑。因此，行政犯的治理要摒弃“必罚主义”的陷阱，然而实践中行政犯案件裁量呈现入罪易、出罪难的特点。存在出罪路径狭窄、出罪罪状要件封闭、出罪适用功能失范、出罪后行刑反向衔接不足等问题。为此，本文从实证数据的角度出发，分析案例及其相关司法解释，找出轻罪治理背景下，行政犯规范出罪困难的原因。在罪质一体化的理论下，提出新的出罪审查方法与证明体系。推动构建行政犯规范出罪路径，并在符合罪刑法定原则的前提下，对行政犯案件做出合情、合理的判决。

Abstract: With the shift of China’s criminal law governance structure towards the management of minor offenses, administrative offenders, due to their particularity, have become an important topic in current judicial practice. Some recent rulings, such as the case of Zhao Chunhua and other administrative offense cases, have sparked significant controversy and discussion, and the outcomes of these judgments have been widely questioned. Therefore, the governance of administrative offenders must avoid the trap of a ‘must-punish’ approach; however, in practice, the handling of administrative offense cases tends to make it easy to convict but difficult to exonerate. Problems include narrow paths to exemption from guilt, closed criteria for exoneration, malfunctioning application functions for exoneration, and insufficient linkage between exoneration and sentence execution. In response, this paper analyzes cases and relevant judicial interpretations from the perspective of empirical data, identifying the reasons for the difficulty in normatively exonerating administrative offenders under the context of minor offense governance. Based on the theory of the integration of offense and guilt, it proposes a new method for reviewing exoneration and a system of proof. The aim is to promote the construction of normative exoneration pathways for administrative offenders and, under the principle of legality, to render fair and reasonable judgments in administrative offense cases.