水葫芦基纤维素纳米纤维的绿色制备及其多尺度结构性能研究

Green Preparation of Water Hyacinth-Based Cellulose Nanofibers and Study on Their Multi-Scale Structure and Properties

摘要: 本研究针对传统纤维素纳米纤维(CNFs)制备过程中的高能耗与高污染问题，创新性地以入侵物种水葫芦为原料，开发了一种基于温和碱处理与机械研磨的绿色制备工艺。通过扫描电镜(ZEISS GeminiSEM 300)、气体吸附仪(Quantachrome Autosorb)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(NicoletiS50)等多尺度表征手段，系统揭示了水葫芦基(CNFs)的微观形貌、官能团变化与孔结构特征，成功制备出直径(20~50 nm)、分散均匀的纤维素纳米纤维，其比表面积为0.043 ± 0.002 m²/g，并以介孔为主。该工艺较传统方法化学试剂用量减少60%、能耗降低40%，实现了水葫芦从生态危害向高附加值材料的转化，为纳米复合材料、环保过滤膜等领域提供了可持续的解决方案。

Abstract: To address the high energy consumption and high pollution issues in traditional cellulose nanocrystala (CNFs) preparation, this study used the invasive species water hyacinth as raw material and developed a green process of “mild alkali treatment-mechanical grinding”. Through characterization by scanning electron microscopy (ZEISS GeminiSEM 300), gas adsorption analyzer (Quantachrome Autosorb), etc., the micro-structure and properties were revealed: CNFs with uniform dispersion and diameter of 20~50 nm were successfully prepared, with a specific surface area of 0.043 ± 0.002 m²/g, mainly composed of mesopores. Compared with traditional methods, this process reduces chemical reagent dosage by 60% and energy consumption by 40%, realizing the transformation of water hyacinth from an ecological hazard to a high-value-added material, and providing a sustainable solution for the fields of nanocomposites and environmental protection filter membranes.