东北三省战略性新兴产业企业“进入–退出”时空演化特征与生态环境的研究

Research on Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Ecological Environment of “Entry-Exit” in Strategic Emerging Industries Enterprises in Northeast China’s Three Provinces

摘要: 战略性新兴产业(SEIs)作为推动区域经济转型与生态协调的重要载体，其企业“进入–退出”行为不仅重塑产业空间格局，也深刻影响区域生态环境质量。本文基于2009、2013、2019、2023四个年份的东北三省SEIs企业微观数据，运用ArcGIS空间分析方法刻画企业进入与退出的时空演化特征，并在此基础上探讨其生态环境效应。研究发现：(1) 企业进入与退出均呈现“核心引领、梯度扩散”的空间演化规律，哈尔滨、长春、沈阳三大核心城市始终是产业集聚与更替的核心，大连、吉林、大庆等次级城市及边缘城市逐步成为扩散节点，退出格局在后期呈现更广泛的区域蔓延特征。(2) 企业进入对生态环境的影响存在显著区域差异，核心城市因产业技术结构与环境治理能力较强，表现出积极效应；部分次级城市与资源型城市则因企业高耗能环节与治理能力不足，面临一定环境压力。(3) 企业退出虽短期释放生态空间，但历史污染治理与生态修复仍是东北老工业基地面临的长期挑战。本研究为东北三省优化产业布局、推动产业转型与生态保护协同发展提供科学依据，也对同类老工业基地的可持续发展具有参考价值。

Abstract: As key drivers of regional economic transformation and ecological coordination, strategic emerging industries (SEIs) reshape industrial spatial patterns through corporate entry and exit behaviors, profoundly impacting regional ecological and environmental quality. This study employs ArcGIS spatial analysis methods to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of enterprise entry and exit based on micro-level data from SEI enterprises in the three northeastern provinces of China across four years (2009, 2013, 2019, 2023), thereby examining their ecological and environmental impacts. The study reveals: (1) Both entry and exit follow a “core-led, gradient diffusion” spatial evolution pattern. The three core cities—Harbin, Changchun, and Shenyang—consistently serve as hubs for industrial agglomeration and renewal, while secondary cities like Dalian, Jilin, and Daqing, along with peripheral cities, gradually emerge as diffusion nodes. Exit patterns exhibit broader regional spread in later stages. (2) The ecological impact of enterprise entry exhibits significant regional variation. Core cities demonstrate positive effects due to their advanced industrial technology structures and robust environmental governance capabilities. Conversely, some secondary and resource-based cities face environmental pressures stemming from high-energy-consuming industrial processes and inadequate governance capacities. (3) While corporate exits temporarily release ecological space, historical pollution remediation and ecological restoration remain long-term challenges for Northeast China’s old industrial bases. This study provides scientific basis for optimizing industrial layout, promoting industrial transformation, and advancing coordinated ecological conservation in the three northeastern provinces, while also offering reference value for sustainable development in similar old industrial bases.