青少年社会工作实务中的“移情”与“反移情”伦理困境研究——以郑州市Q社区青少年为例

Research on the Ethical Dilemma of “Transference” and “Countertransference” in the Practice of Youth Social Work—Taking the Youth of Q Community in Zhengzhou as an Example

摘要: 本文以青少年社会工作实践为背景，聚焦“移情”与“反移情”所引发的专业伦理困境，选取郑州市Q社区青少年作为具体案例展开研究。在中国社会工作的本土化进程中，由于中西方在社会结构、文化观念与人际模式等方面存在深刻差异，源自西方的伦理原则在具体实践中面临诸多适应性问题，其中移情与反移情现象在中国语境下呈现出独特的关系逻辑与伦理张力，成为影响专业服务深入开展的现实瓶颈。本文结合案例实际，具体呈现了在建立专业关系过程中由移情与反移情所引发的伦理困境表现，进而从生理特征、心理机制与社会环境三个维度，系统分析了服务对象产生移情与社会工作者出现反移情的内在原因。基于此，研究进一步从服务对象、社会工作者、社工机构及社区四个层面，提出具有可操作性的分层介入策略，以期为规范专业关系、提升伦理自觉与服务质量提供参考路径。

Abstract: This article takes the social work practice of teenagers as the background, focuses on the professional ethical dilemmas caused by “transference” and “countertransference”, and selects the youth L of Q community in Zhengzhou City as a specific case for research. In the process of localization of Chinese social work, due to the profound differences between China and the West in terms of social structure, cultural concept and interpersonal mode, the ethical principles derived from the West face many adaptive problems in specific practice. Among them, the phenomenon of transference and countertransference presents a unique relationship logic and ethical aspect in the Chinese context. It has become a real bottleneck that affects the in-depth development of professional services. In combination with the actual case, this article specifically presents the ethical dilemmas caused by transference and countertransference in the process of establishing professional relationships, and then systematically analyzes the intrinsic reasons for the transference of service recipients and countertransference by social workers from the three dimensions of physiological characteristics, psychological mechanisms and social environment. Based on this, the research further puts forward a workable hierarchical intervention strategy from the four levels of service recipients, social workers, social work institutions and communities, in order to provide a reference path for standardizing professional relations and improving ethical awareness and service quality.