莫言小说中言语幽默的生成机制与翻译转换

The Generative Mechanism and Transformation Methods of Verbal Humor in Mo Yan’s Novels

摘要: 本文以言语幽默概论和关联理论为理论框架，选取莫言5本小说及其葛浩文译本为研究对象，研究莫言小说中言语幽默的生成机制与翻译转换模式。根据幽默的特点及其对交际双方共有的认知语境的依赖程度，本研究将莫言小说中的言语幽默标记为三类，即普通幽默、语言幽默和文化幽默。通过分析原文与译文幽默效果传达的效果，研究发现：1) 莫言小说中幽默的生成机制大多是通过运用修辞手段实现的。2) 要保留原文中的幽默，应尽可能使用同类转换和异类转换模式，而零类转换模式对幽默效果的保留不甚理想。3) 莫言幽默英译时，优先为满足关联理论的“认知语境”而牺牲GTVH的“叙述策略”，以达成最佳关联。

Abstract: The study analyzes the verbal humor in Mo Yan’s novels and Howard Goldblatt’s translation from the perspective of the General Theory of Verbal Humor and the Relevance Theory to explore the generative mechanism and effective translation methods for verbal humor in Mo Yan’s novels. According to the features of verbal humor and its degree of dependence on the cognitive context shared by both sides of the communication, the study divides verbal humor in Mo Yan’s novels into three categories: universal humor, linguistic humor and cultural humor. It is found that 1) Verbal humors in Mo Yan’s novels usually involve rhetorical devices; 2) Equivalent transformation and non-equivalent transformation are effective to retain the original humorous effect, while omission transformation is ineffective; 3) The Priority for humor translation is given to satisfying the “cognitive context” of Relevance Theory at the expense of the “narrative strategy” of GTVH, in order to achieve optimal relevance.