纤维混凝土性能改善的机理剖析

Analysis of the Mechanisms for Improving the Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

摘要: 为系统改善传统混凝土抗拉强度低、脆性大及耐久性不足等问题，纤维增强技术已成为关键途径。本文聚焦于合成纤维与天然纤维两大类增强材料，通过文献计量与性能对比分析，系统综述了二者对混凝土力学性能与耐久性能的作用机理及影响规律。分析表明：合成纤维(如聚丙烯、碳纤维)在提升抗拉强度与抗环境老化方面优势显著，但其分散性及界面粘结问题制约了性能发挥；天然纤维(如玄武岩、黄麻)虽在抗压强度贡献上有限，且易受湿度与微生物降解，但其在抗裂韧性提升与可持续发展方面潜力突出。本文进一步揭示了纤维–混凝土界面适配性、长期性能退化机制等共性问题，以期为高性能纤维混凝土的研发与工程应用提供理论依据。

Abstract: To systematically address the traditional problems of concrete such as low tensile strength, high brittleness, and insufficient durability, fiber reinforcement technology has become a key approach. This paper focuses on two major types of reinforcement materials: synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Through bibliometric and performance comparison analyses, it provides a systematic review of their mechanisms of action and influence patterns on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The analysis indicates that synthetic fibers (such as polypropylene and carbon fiber) have significant advantages in improving tensile strength and resistance to environmental aging, but their performance is limited by issues of dispersion and interfacial bonding. Although natural fibers (such as basalt and jute) contribute little to compressive strength and are susceptible to humidity and microbial degradation, they show remarkable potential in enhancing crack resistance and promoting sustainability. Furthermore, this paper reveals common issues such as fiber-concrete interface compatibility and long-term performance degradation mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development and engineering application of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.