白酒酿造废水低碳处理与资源化：厌氧产氢微藻固碳耦合工艺

Low-Carbon Treatment and Resource Utilization of Baijiu Brewing Wastewater: Anaerobic Hydrogen Production-Microalgae Carbon Sequestration Coupling Process

摘要: 白酒酿造废水有机物浓度高、处理能耗大、资源回收率低，严重制约白酒产业绿色转型与“双碳”目标实现。本研究提出“厌氧产氢–微藻固碳”耦合工艺，构建“废水处理–能源回收–碳减排”三位一体低碳资源化技术体系。通过优化预处理、筛选产氢菌群、调控微藻固碳条件及解析菌藻协同机制，实现废水中有机物向氢气与微藻生物质的高效转化。实验表明，最优参数下(厌氧发酵温度35˚C~40˚C、HRT38h、C/N比20~30；微藻培养光照强度6000 Lux、CO₂通气量7% v/v)，产氢率 ≥ 1.5 L H₂/(L∙d)，COD去除率 > 85%，微藻固碳效率 ≥ 0.8 g CO₂/g藻生物量，吨水碳减排量 ≥ 15 kg CO₂，处理成本 ≤ 15元/m³。该工艺突破传统高能耗瓶颈，为白酒行业废水低碳资源化利用提供全新技术路径，兼具理论价值与工程应用前景。

Abstract: Brewery wastewater from Baijiu production is characterized by high organic concentration, high energy consumption for treatment and low resource recovery rate, which seriously restricts the green transformation of the Baijiu industry and the achievement of the “dual carbon” goals. In this study, a coupled process of anaerobic hydrogen production and microalgal carbon sequestration was proposed, and a trinity low-carbon resource utilization technical system integrating wastewater treatment, energy recovery and carbon emission reduction was constructed. Through optimizing pretreatment processes, screening hydrogen-producing microbial communities, regulating microalgal carbon sequestration conditions and analyzing the algae-bacteria synergetic mechanism, the efficient conversion of organic matter in wastewater into hydrogen and microalgal biomass was realized. The experimental results showed that under the optimal parameters (anaerobic fermentation temperature of 35˚C~40˚C, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 38 h and C/N ratio of 20~30; microalgal culture with light intensity of 6000 Lux and CO₂ aeration rate of 7% v/v), the hydrogen production rate was no less than 1.5 L H₂/(L∙d), the COD removal rate exceeded 85%, the microalgal carbon sequestration efficiency was not less than 0.8 g CO₂/g microalgal biomass, the carbon emission reduction per cubic meter of wastewater reached no less than 15 kg CO₂, and the treatment cost was no more than 15 CNY/m³. This process breaks through the high energy consumption bottleneck of traditional technologies, provides a novel technical approach for the low-carbon resource utilization of wastewater in the Baijiu industry, and has both theoretical value and engineering application prospects.