水利工程勘察危险源识别及辨识研究

Research on Hazard Identification and Recognition in Water Conservancy Engineering Investigation

摘要: 工程勘察作为水利工程建设的前置环节，其作业环境复杂、风险类型多样，危险源识别与辨识是安全生产管理的核心基础。本文系统分析工程勘察过程中面临的六类主要危险源，深入剖析当前危险源识别中存在的问题，基于水利行业推行的“六项机制”与“六项体系”管理思想，结合BIM技术、人工智能、物联网等新兴技术，构建覆盖“风险识别–评估–监测–预警–控制–应急–责任–培训”全链条的危险源管控体系，提出基于过程方法的危险源辨识框架，建立定性与定量相结合的风险评估模型，设计智能化的风险监测预警系统。研究结果表明，该体系能够显著提升危险源识别的全面性、准确性和时效性，为工程勘察单位的安全生产管理提供科学的理论支撑和实用的技术路径。

Abstract: As a preliminary phase of infrastructure construction, engineering investigation involves complex working environments and diverse risk types, making hazard identification and recognition a fundamental aspect of safety management in production. This paper systematically analyzes six major categories of hazards encountered during engineering investigation and conducts an in-depth examination of existing issues in current hazard identification practices. Building on the management philosophy of the “Six Mechanisms” and “Six Systems” promoted in the water conservancy sector, and integrating emerging technologies such as BIM, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, this study constructs a comprehensive hazard management and control system covering the entire chain of “risk identification - assessment - monitoring - early warning - control - emergency response - accountability - training.” A process-based framework for hazard recognition is proposed, alongside a risk assessment model that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, and an intelligent risk monitoring and early warning system is designed. The research results demonstrate that this system significantly enhances the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and timeliness of hazard identification, providing scientific theoretical support and practical technical pathways for safety management in engineering investigation organizations.