对《学位法》学位撤销行为的规范分析以及程序建构

Normative Analysis and Procedural Construction of Degree Revocation in the Degree Law

摘要: 《学位法》是规范学位质量、保障学位申请人合法权益的重要一步，但其中学位撤销相关规定存在不确定性法律概念，有深入探讨的必要。学位撤销行为属性存在多种观点争议，其符合未型式化行政行为特征，应认定其为行政撤销行为。《学位法》构建的学位撤销正当程序存在独立价值，可以发挥保障相对人权益、规范学术权力的作用，新法虽有发展但仍需从健全流程内容、区分不授予与撤销学位程序、明确程序性规则方面发力，以维护学位制度公平公正。

Abstract: The Degree Law is a crucial step in regulating degree quality and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of degree applicants. However, the provisions related to degree revocation contain uncertain legal concepts that warrant in-depth discussion. There are disputes over the nature of degree revocation behavior. It conforms to the characteristics of non-formalized administrative acts and should be identified as an administrative revocation act. The due process of degree revocation established by the Degree Law has independent value, as it can protect the rights and interests of the counterpart and regulate academic power. Although the new law has made progress, efforts are still needed to improve procedural content, distinguish between procedures for refusing to grant degrees and revoking degrees, and clarify procedural rules to maintain fairness and justice in the degree system.