轻罪刑事赔偿保证金制度的构建与法理研究

Construction and Jurisprudential Study of the Criminal Compensation Guarantee System for Misdemeanors

摘要: 刑事赔偿保证金作为轻罪治理体系中的一项特殊制度，其制度建构对于提升轻罪治理效能、拓展我国协商型纠纷解决机制的实践空间以及保障当事双方合法权益具有重要价值。现行立法对刑事赔偿保证金制度的规范仍显笼统，在出罪依据、适用标准以及制度衔接程序和救济机制等方面均存在不足，进而制约了该制度的实际可操作性。基于此，有必要通过制定专门的规范性文件，对刑事赔偿保证金制度进行系统完善，明确其出罪依据与适用标准，健全被害人参与机制与救济路径，并通过完善相关司法解释强化制度之间的衔接，推动赔偿保证金制度在实践中的融合运作与公正运行，从而为轻罪治理体系的完善提供相应的理论支撑与实践指引。

Abstract: As a distinctive mechanism within the misdemeanor governance framework, the establishment of the criminal compensation guarantee system holds significant value for enhancing the effectiveness of misdemeanor governance, expanding the scope of consensual justice in China, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of both parties involved. Current legislative provisions regarding the criminal compensation guarantee system remain general, exhibiting deficiencies in areas such as the basis for exemption from criminal liability, applicable standards, procedural interfaces with other systems, and relief mechanisms. These shortcomings constrain the system’s practical operability. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically refine the criminal compensation guarantee system through the formulation of specialized normative documents. This involves clarifying its basis for exemption and applicable criteria, improving victim participation mechanisms and relief pathways, and enhancing coordination with related systems by refining relevant judicial interpretations. Such efforts will promote the integrated and fair operation of the compensation guarantee system in practice, thereby providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the advancement of the misdemeanor governance system.