对马克思“对象性”方法的理论阐述——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

Theoretical Exposition of Marx’s Method of “Objectivity”—Based on the “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844”

摘要: “对象性”方法作为贯穿马克思哲学体系始终的核心方法，是对黑格尔辩证法和费尔巴哈“感性对象性”的批判性扬弃与超越，标志着马克思哲学由思辨向现实实践的彻底转向，揭示了人作为对象性存在，通过劳动这一基本的对象性活动，与自然界、社会及自身建立生成性、辩证性关系的存在论结构。“对象性”方法不仅为理解人的实践本质与社会历史发展提供了深刻的理论范式，更通过对“异化劳动”的批判，显露出其内在的批判性与革命性指向，从而成为把握马克思哲学革命实质与当代意义的核心。

Abstract: The method of “objectivity”, as the core approach that runs throughout Marx’s philosophical system, critically sublates and transcends Hegelian dialectics and Feuerbach’s “sensuous objectivity”. It marks a fundamental shift in Marx’s philosophy from speculative thought to practical reality, revealing the ontological structure in which human beings, as objective existences, establish generative and dialectical relationships with nature, society, and themselves through labor—the fundamental objective activity. The method of “objectivity” not only provides a profound theoretical paradigm for understanding the practical essence of human beings and the development of social history but also, through its critique of “alienated labor”, reveals its inherent critical and revolutionary orientation. Thus, it becomes central to grasping the substantive revolution and contemporary significance of Marx’s philosophy.