《黑格尔法哲学批判》中的市民社会与国家观新解

A New Interpretation of Civil Society and State in “Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”

摘要: 文章以马克思的《黑格尔法哲学批判》为核心文本，展开研究。旨在超越传统“颠倒”说的解读。通过分析马克思对黑格尔市民社会与国家关系理论的批判，揭示马克思对黑格尔哲学思想的批判与继承。马克思对黑格尔市民社会与国家观的批判不仅在于方法论的唯物主义“颠倒”，更在于揭露了二者根本错位的关系，并首次将“市民社会”的政治经济学解剖确立为解决这一错位的钥匙，从而为历史唯物主义的创立开辟了道路。

Abstract: This study centers on Marx’s “Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”, aiming to transcend traditional interpretations of “inversion.” By analyzing Marx’s critique of Hegel’s theory on the relationship between civil society and state, the paper reveals how Marx both critiques and inherits Hegel’s philosophical ideas. Marx’s critique of Hegel’s civil society-state view goes beyond methodological materialist “inversion,” as it exposes the fundamental misalignment between the two concepts. For the first time, Marx establishes the political economy of “civil society” as the key to resolving this misalignment, thereby paving the way for the establishment of historical materialism.