“信”好有你：认知行为疗法视角下乡村高年级小学生人际关系困扰的社工介入研究

Letters of Care: A Study on Social Work Intervention for Interpersonal Distress among Rural Senior Primary School Students from the Perspective of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

摘要: 学校社会工作是社会工作参与未成年人保护、促进未成年人健康成长的重要领域之一。如今，青少年的心理健康问题已经成为不容忽视的关键，而影响其心理健康的一大因素则是青少年对人际关系的处理难题。驻校社工设立信箱服务可以增进对小学生近况和心理状况的了解。笔者在乡村小学作为驻校社工服务将近一年时间，通过对书信分析，发现学生在人际认识上存在多种非理性信念和认知扭曲。在回信中社工尝试以认知行为疗法为思想基础，通过重构书信中学生对其具体事件的认知来缓解学生的情绪困扰，在一定程度上重新树立在人际交往中的信念和形成正确的处理方式，帮助其改善人际关系问题，可见，学校社会工作开展信箱服务是非常有益的服务补充媒介，且书信介入有它的适用范围，未来在书信介入方式的发展上应当注重其评估体系的落实和增进乡村本土化的研究。

Abstract: School social work is one of the important fields where social work participates in the protection of minors and promotes their healthy growth. Nowadays, the mental health problems of teenagers have become a critical issue that cannot be ignored, and one of the major factors affecting their mental health is the teenagers’ difficulties in handling interpersonal relationships. The establishment of mailbox services by resident social workers can enhance the understanding of the current situation and psychological conditions of primary school students. The author served as a resident social worker in a rural primary school for nearly a year. Through the analysis of letters, it was found that students had various irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions in interpersonal understanding. In the replies, the social workers attempted to base their thinking on cognitive behavioral therapy and through reconstructing the students’ cognition of specific events in the letters to alleviate the students’ emotional distress. To a certain extent, it helped to re-establish beliefs in interpersonal communication and form correct handling methods, helping them improve their interpersonal relationship problems. Therefore, the establishment of mailbox services by school social work is a very beneficial supplementary medium, and the intervention through letters has its applicable scope. In the future, attention should be paid to the implementation of its evaluation system and the promotion of research on localization in rural areas.