绿茶儿茶素抗菌最新及应用研究进展

Latest Research Progress and Application of Green Tea Catechins’ Antibacterial Properties

摘要: 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是茶叶中的一种主要活性成分，具有多种生物活性，包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒和免疫调节作用。大量的体外研究已经证实了其抗菌特性。随着临床抗生素的过度使用，抗生素耐药性问题日益严重，这凸显了开发新型抗菌剂的迫切需求。最近的研究表明绿茶儿茶素中的EGCG，无论是单独使用还是与其他疗法联合使用，其在对抗由耐药性革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌以及真菌引起的感染方面显示出巨大的潜力。这些结果突显了其作为候选抗菌剂的前景，并为开发新的抗菌策略提供了重要依据。尽管其潜力巨大，但EGCG的临床应用受到其生物利用度低以及易失活的限制。本综述总结了关于EGCG对耐药细菌最新进展，并概述了提高其生物利用度的策略，包括联合疗法，分子修饰。讨论了未来的研究方向，特别是优化策略将EGCG由体外研究向临床相关应用过渡，并支持其作为抗耐药细菌与真菌感染潜在辅助治疗策略的发展。

Abstract: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major active component in tea and possesses various biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. A large number of in vitro studies have confirmed its antibacterial properties. With the excessive use of clinical antibiotics, the problem of antibiotic resistance has become increasingly serious, highlighting the urgent need to develop new antibacterial agents. Recent studies have shown that EGCG in green tea, whether used alone or in combination with other therapies, demonstrates great potential in combating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. These results highlight its potential as a candidate antibacterial agent and provide important basis for the development of new antibacterial strategies. Although its potential is significant, the clinical application of EGCG is limited by its low bioavailability and susceptibility to inactivation. This review summarizes the latest progress on EGCG in resistant bacteria and outlines strategies to improve its bioavailability, including combination therapy and molecular modification. The future research directions are discussed, particularly the optimization strategies to transition EGCG from in vitro research to clinical-related applications and support its development as a potential auxiliary treatment strategy for anti-resistant bacterial and fungal infections.