FSAE赛车多工况CFD仿真及流场分析

FSAE Racing Car Multi-Condition CFD Simulation and Flow Field Analysis

摘要: 本文针对大学生方程式赛车(FSAE)在多工况下的空气动力学特性问题，以山东大学2025赛季E17赛车为研究对象，基于STARCCM+软件开展了针对俯仰、偏航及稳态绕环三类典型工况的CFD仿真分析。通过构建多组仿真模型，系统研究了不同工况下整车负升力、阻力、升阻比及气动平衡等气动特性的变化规律。结果表明：俯仰工况下，整车负升力随俯冲角增大而上升，但极端俯冲姿态下前翼气流分离会导致负升力骤降；偏航工况中，负升力与升阻比随偏航角增大而下降，12˚偏航时负升力系数下降约18.1%；稳态绕环工况下，负升力系数较直线工况下降11.2%，前翼表现出较高的偏航敏感性。研究揭示了赛车在极端工况下气动特性突变的风险，提出前翼等关键部件应以气动敏感性优化为核心的优化方向，为FSAE赛车高性能空气动力学套件的设计与验证提供了理论依据与方法参考。

Abstract: This paper addresses the aerodynamic characteristics of FSAE racing cars under multiple operating conditions. Taking Shandong University’s 2025 season E17 racing car as the research subject, CFD simulation analyses were conducted using STARCCM+ software for three typical operating conditions: pitch, yaw, and steady-state looping. By constructing multiple simulation models, the study systematically investigated the variation patterns of aerodynamic characteristics—including overall downforce, drag, downforce-to-drag ratio, and aerodynamic balance—under different operating conditions. Results indicate: Under pitch conditions, overall downforce increases with greater dive angles, but extreme dive attitudes cause front wing flow separation, leading to a sudden drop in downforce. During yaw conditions, both downforce and downforce-to-drag ratio decrease with increasing yaw angles; at 12˚ yaw, the downforce coefficient drops by approximately 18.1%. During steady-state looping maneuvers, the downforce coefficient decreased by 11.2% compared to straight-line conditions, with the front wing exhibiting high yaw sensitivity. This study reveals the risk of abrupt aerodynamic behavior changes in racing cars under extreme conditions and proposes that critical components like the front wing should prioritize aerodynamic sensitivity optimization. It provides theoretical foundations and methodological references for designing and validating high-performance aerodynamic kits for FSAE racing cars.