基于宏观指标的乡村人居环境区域差异研究——以江西省为例

A Study on the Regional Differences in Rural Human Settlement Environment Based on Macro Indicators—The Case of Jiangxi Province

摘要: 在快速城镇化背景下，传统村落的保护与发展对于传承历史文化、改善乡村人居环境具有重要意义。以江西省11个地级市共413个传统村落为研究对象，构建“压力–状态–响应”(PSR)模型评价体系，系统评估了传统村落人居环境适宜性(TVHSS)，并结合空间计量方法探究其时空分异特征及驱动机制。研究结果表明：(1) 2008~2023年江西传统村落TVHSS综合指数总体呈上升趋势，均值由0.304增长至0.4087，展现出明显的发展势头，但在2013~2018年间增速放缓。其空间分布呈现“中部低、南北高”的集聚格局；(2) 资源、环境与经济系统的状态特征，是驱动人类应对措施调整的核心因素，同时对人类活动引发的资源损耗与环境污染程度具有显著影响。压力、状态与响应三者间存在紧密的联动关系，呈现出相互作用、相互制约的动态关联；(3) 床位数、专任教师数、财政预算支出和年降水量是影响TVHSS的关键因素，其中前三者对人居环境适宜性具有正向作用，年降水量则产生负向影响。研究为传统村落人居环境提升与政策制定提供了理论支持与实践参考。

Abstract: Under the backdrop of rapid urbanization, the preservation and development of traditional villages hold significant importance for inheriting historical culture and improving rural human settlements. Taking 413 traditional villages across 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province as the research object, this study constructed a “Pressure-State-Response” (PSR) model evaluation system to systematically assess the Traditional Village Human Settlement Suitability (TVHSS). Spatial econometric methods were further employed to explore its spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and driving mechanisms. The findings reveal that: (1) From 2008 to 2023, the comprehensive TVHSS index of Jiangxi’s traditional villages exhibited an overall upward trend, with the mean value increasing from 0.304 to 0.4087, demonstrating notable developmental momentum. However, growth slowed between 2013 and 2018. Spatially, the distribution displayed an agglomeration pattern characterized by “low values in the central region and high values in the northern and southern regions”. (2) The state characteristics of resource, environmental, and economic systems serve as core factors driving adjustments in human responses, while also significantly influencing the extent of resource depletion and environmental pollution caused by human activities. Pressure, state, and response exhibit close interconnections, forming a dynamic relationship of mutual interaction and constraint. (3) Key factors affecting TVHSS include the number of hospital beds, the count of full-time teachers, fiscal budget expenditures, and annual precipitation. Among these, the first three exert a positive impact on human settlement suitability, whereas annual precipitation has a negative effect. This research provides theoretical support and practical references for enhancing human settlements in traditional villages and informing policy formulation.