技工院校学生心理危机预警与应急处理体系中辅导员的作用研究

Research on the Role of Counselors in the Psychological Crisis Early Warning and Emergency Response System for Students in Technical Colleges

摘要: 本研究聚焦于技工院校学生心理危机预警与应急处理体系中辅导员的核心作用。在技工院校特有的“技能训练–工学一体化–岗位实习”培养模式下，学生面临高强度、高频次的心理风险暴露，且危机呈现隐蔽性强、波动性大、外化风险突出的特点。与此同时，技工院校普遍存在心理健康资源不足、专业支持渠道不畅的现实困境，导致心理工作重心常向应急后端倾斜，辅导员因而成为危机干预链条中承压关键且不可替代的枢纽环节。本文通过梳理相关理论与政策，在剖析技工院校学生风险谱系的基础上，构建了以“四级预警网络”为骨架、“多源信息整合”为基础、“三色四级响应”为处置标准的闭环体系框架，系统阐释了辅导员在该体系中作为前端预防组织者、预警信息汇聚者、应急处置协调者及危机后生态修复者的多元角色与专业边界，并从制度设计、协同机制、网络支持与评估优化等方面提出实践路径，旨在为技工院校心理危机治理体系的规范化建设与辅导员专业能力提升提供理论参照。

Abstract: This study focuses on the core role of counselors in the psychological crisis early warning and emergency response system for students in technical colleges. Under the unique “skills training-work-study alternation-internship” cultivation model of technical colleges, students are exposed to high-intensity and high-frequency psychological risks, with crises characterized by strong concealment, significant fluctuation, and prominent externalized risks. Simultaneously, technical colleges generally face practical challenges such as insufficient mental health resources and inadequate professional support channels, leading to a frequent shift of psychological work toward emergency response. Consequently, counselors become an indispensable and pivotal hub in the crisis intervention chain. By reviewing relevant theories and policies and analyzing the risk spectrum of technical college students, this study constructs a closed-loop system framework centered on a “four-level early warning network” as the backbone, “multi-source information integration” as the foundation, and a “three-color, four-level response” as the handling standard. It systematically elaborates on the multiple roles and professional boundaries of counselors in this system as front-end prevention organizers, early warning information aggregators, emergency response coordinators, and post-crisis ecological restorers. Furthermore, it proposes practical pathways from the perspectives of institutional design, coordination mechanisms, network support, and evaluation optimization, aiming to provide theoretical references for the standardized construction of the psychological crisis governance system in technical colleges and the enhancement of counselors’ professional capabilities.