数据流通视角下AI时代数据资产确权问题研究

A Study on the Issue of Data Asset Rights Confirmation in the AI Era from the Perspective of Data Circulation

摘要: 确权是入表的前提。数据作为AI时代的核心生产要素，其资产化进程已纳入国家战略，但权属模糊问题严重制约数据流通与价值释放。现有研究多聚焦静态权属或技术层面，缺乏对动态流通过程中权属适配机制的深入探讨。数据资产在流通中呈现积累性、非消耗性等新特征，传统确权模式难以平衡多方权益，亟需构建适配AI时代动态流通场景的确权框架。本文旨在从数据流通视角，构建AI时代动态匹配的确权路径，破解权属模糊困境。基于经济所有权与法定所有权分离原则，结合对比分析法和案例分析法，提出在流通过程中构建分阶段确权框架规则，该框架为降低企业数据合规成本、提升交易效率提供理论支撑，助力我国掌握全球数字治理规则话语权。

Abstract: Establishing ownership rights is a prerequisite for data inclusion in balance sheets. As a core production factor in the AI era, the assetisation of data has been incorporated into national strategy. However, ambiguous ownership rights severely constrain data circulation and value realisation. Existing research predominantly focuses on static ownership or technical aspects, lacking in-depth exploration of ownership adaptation mechanisms within dynamic circulation processes. Data assets exhibit novel characteristics during circulation, such as accumulative and non-consumable properties. Traditional rights confirmation models struggle to balance the interests of multiple parties, necessitating the establishment of a rights confirmation framework tailored to the dynamic circulation scenarios of the AI era. This paper aims to construct a dynamic matching rights confirmation pathway for the AI era from a data circulation perspective, thereby resolving the ambiguity of ownership. Based on the principle of separating economic ownership from legal title, and employing comparative analysis and case studies, this paper proposes a phased rights confirmation framework for the circulation process. This framework provides theoretical support for reducing corporate data compliance costs and enhancing transaction efficiency, thereby assisting China in gaining influence over global digital governance rules.