价值创造与创新压制矛盾：电商平台生态系统中的利润分配失衡与中小企业创新响应研究

The Contradiction between Value Creation and Innovation Suppression: A Study on the Imbalance of Profit Distribution and SME Innovation Responses in E-Commerce Platform Ecosystems

摘要: 本文聚焦于数字经济深化发展背景下平台生态系统内的结构性矛盾，深入探讨了电商平台生态系统中的利润分配与中小企业创新之间的引导作用。基于平台政治经济学与资源依赖理论，揭示数字平台如何异化为掌握关键资源分配权的私人治理主体，并利用货币化引导、数据化剥夺以及算法规训等工具构建起双边垄断的租金获取体系。研究发现，该非对称的利益分配格局产生了显著的资源挤出效应，导致电商中小企业研发投入枯竭并被迫转向短期主义；同时，流量为王的评价体系诱导企业陷入迎合算法的伪创新与同质化竞争的恶性循环，严重削弱了生态系统的整体创新活力。针对上述问题，本文提出了从静态监管向动态创新治理转型的政策建议，强调应通过强化反垄断执法与完善数据权益立法来破除创新抑制壁垒，引导平台建立包容性利益分享机制，从而实现平台经济的规范健康与高质量发展。

Abstract: Focusing on the structural contradictions within platform ecosystems amidst the deepening development of the digital economy, this paper delves into the guiding role of profit distribution on the innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within e-commerce platform ecosystems. Drawing upon platform political economy and resource dependence theory, this study reveals how digital platforms have alienated into private governance entities that monopolize the distribution power of key resources. Furthermore, it explicates how these platforms construct a bilateral monopoly rent-extraction system utilizing tools such as monetization guidance, data deprivation, and algorithmic discipline. The findings indicate that this asymmetric profit distribution paradigm generates a significant resource crowding-out effect, which leads to the depletion of research and development (R&D) investments among e-commerce SMEs and forces them toward short-termism. Simultaneously, the traffic-oriented evaluation system traps enterprises in a vicious cycle of pseudo-innovation—merely catering to algorithms—and homogeneous competition, thereby severely undermining the overall innovative vitality of the ecosystem. To address these issues, this paper proposes policy recommendations for transitioning from static regulation to dynamic innovation governance. It emphasizes the necessity of dismantling barriers that suppress innovation by strengthening antitrust enforcement and improving data rights legislation. Ultimately, it aims to guide platforms in establishing inclusive profit-sharing mechanisms, thereby facilitating the standardized, healthy, and high-quality development of the platform economy.