对爱尔维修环境决定论批判的新审视及其启示

A New Examination of the Critique of Helvétius’ Environmental Determinism and Its Implications

摘要: 长期以来，学界对爱尔维修环境决定论多持批判态度，忽视其合理因素。其实，马克思批判爱尔维修环境决定论时，并非持全盘否定的态度，而是继承了其中的合理因素，从而使得他们的思想在某些方面有相通之处。基于新时代重新审视对爱尔维修环境决定论的批判，有利于在准确把握马克思与爱尔维修思想的异同的基础上深入理解马克思的人与环境关系理论，为新时代优化育人的社会环境提供方法指导。

Abstract: For a long time, the academic circle has mostly adopted a critical attitude towards Helvétius’ environmental determinism, ignoring its rational elements. In fact, when Marx criticized Helvétius’ environmental determinism, he did not reject it entirely; instead, he inherited its reasonable components, resulting in certain similarities between their thoughts. Re-examining the critique of Helvétius’ environmental determinism from the new era perspective helps to deeply understand Marx’s theory of the relationship between human beings and the environment on the basis of accurately grasping the similarities and differences between Marx’s and Helvétius’ thoughts, and provides methodological guidance for optimizing the social environment for education in the new era.