基于车辆路径优化的城市垃圾分类运输调度模型研究

A Vehicle Routing Optimization Model for Urban Waste Classification Transportation Scheduling

摘要: 随着城市垃圾分类政策的全面推进，高效、低碳的垃圾收运系统成为城市管理的关键。本文构建了一个融合车辆路径优化、中转站选址与碳排放控制的综合优化模型，对垃圾分类运输系统进行系统分析。首先，将垃圾收集问题抽象为带容量约束的车辆路径问题，建立单类型车辆路径优化模型。其次，考虑四类垃圾由专用车辆运输，构建多类型车辆路径优化模型。最后，引入中转站选址、时间窗与碳排放因素，建立带时间窗的多类型车辆路径优化模型。针对模型规模大、变量耦合度高的特点，设计了两阶段求解算法：首先利用自适应大邻域搜索算法确定中转站选址及收集点分配，再采用并行蚁群算法优化多类车辆路径。研究结果表明，该模型能有效降低运输距离与系统总成本，提升垃圾分类运输系统运行效率，为城市垃圾分类运输调度提供理论依据与决策支持。

Abstract: With the comprehensive implementation of municipal waste classification policies, the development of an efficient and low-carbon waste collection and transportation system has become a critical challenge in urban management. This paper constructs an integrated optimization model that incorporates vehicle routing optimization, transfer station siting, and carbon emission control to systematically analyze urban waste-sorted transportation systems. Initially, the waste collection problem is abstracted as a capacitated vehicle routing problem, leading to the formulation of a single-type vehicle routing optimization model. Subsequently, considering that four types of waste are transported by dedicated vehicles, a multi-type vehicle routing optimization model is developed. Finally, factors such as transfer station location, time windows, and transportation-related carbon emissions are incorporated to establish a comprehensive multi-type vehicle routing optimization model with time windows. Given the large-scale nature of the model and the high degree of variable coupling, a two-phase solution algorithm is designed. The first phase employs an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm to determine transfer station locations and collection point allocations, while the second phase utilizes a parallel ant colony optimization algorithm to optimize transportation routes for multiple vehicle types. The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively reduces transportation distance and total system costs while improving the overall operational efficiency of waste-sorted transportation systems, providing theoretical foundations and decision-making support for urban waste classification transportation scheduling.