基于多智能体博弈的电力调频市场建模与仿真
Modeling and Simulation of the Electricity Frequency Regulation Market Based on Multi-Agent Game
摘要: 随着新能源渗透率提升，电力调频辅助服务市场在引导频率服务供给与资源配置中的作用日益凸显。本文将调频市场视为多主体强耦合的复杂自适应系统，提出一种基于多智能体博弈的建模与仿真方法。依据市场主体特征将其封装为相应智能体，在MATLAB平台复现“申报–出清–结算–反馈–策略更新”的交互流程并求解市场均衡。以山西与湖北现行调频市场为例(分别对应PAB与MCP结算机制)开展仿真验证。各算例的迭代过程均能收敛并达到稳定的市场均衡状态，结果表明：两市场平均结算电价随供需情景变化呈非线性特征，且PAB机制下的平均结算电价整体高于MCP机制，反映出不同结算规则对价格形成与竞价激励的影响，从而验证了所提方法在不同市场规则下的有效性。
Abstract: With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, the frequency regulation ancillary service market is playing an increasingly important role in guiding the provision and allocation of frequency support resources. This paper views the frequency regulation market as a strongly coupled, multi-agent complex adaptive system and proposes a modeling and simulation method based on a multi-agent game framework. Market participants are encapsulated as agents according to their characteristics, and the interactive loop of “bidding-clearing-settlement-feedback-strategy update” is reproduced on the MATLAB platform to solve for market equilibrium. Case studies are conducted using the current frequency regulation markets in Shanxi and Hubei Provinces, which adopt the pay-as-bid (PAB) and market clearing price (MCP) settlement mechanisms, respectively. The iterative process in each case converges to a stable market equilibrium. The results indicate that the average settlement price in both markets exhibits a nonlinear relationship with supply-demand scenarios, and that the average settlement price under PAB is consistently higher than that under MCP, reflecting the impact of different settlement rules on price formation and bidding incentives. These findings verify the effectiveness of the proposed method under different market rules.
文章引用：陈欢. 基于多智能体博弈的电力调频市场建模与仿真[J]. 电力与能源进展, 2026, 14(2): 35-49. https://doi.org/10.12677/aepe.2026.142005

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