静态信息可视化设计中的探索性视觉结构研究

Research on Exploratory Visual Structure in Static Information Visualization Design

摘要: 信息可视化不仅是数据的呈现，更是一个通过视觉媒介激发读者主动探索与构建理解的过程。尽管可视化设计中的“读者驱动”“探索性”通常与交互相关联，但探索性参与亦可由图像本身触发。本文提出“探索性视觉结构”这一概念，用以描述在无需依赖深度交互的条件下，那些能够支持读者自主理解探索的空间组织形式。研究整合叙事可视化、图像叙事与伯莱因的复杂性理论，构建了探索性视觉结构的分析框架。通过对典型案例的深入分析，提出可识别信息可视化是否具备探索性的五类感知特征，并归纳出探索性视觉结构的核心构建策略与策略的权衡。本文将为设计者理解如何通过图像结构激活观众探索行为提供启示与实践思路。

Abstract: Information visualization is not only the presentation of data, but also a process that inspires the reader to actively explore and build understanding through visual media. Although “reader-driven” and “exploratory” in visualization design are often associated with interactivity, exploratory engagement can also be triggered by the image itself. This study proposes the concept of “exploratory visual structure” to describe how images support reader-driven comprehension processes through spatial composition and visual cues without relying on deep interaction. The research integrates narrative visualization, image narrative and Berlyne’s complexity theory to build an analytical framework for the exploratory visual structure. Through in-depth analysis of typical cases, five perceptual characteristics were found to identify exploratory visualization. Then, their core construction strategies and their interplay were also summarized. This study provides insights and practical implications for designers to understand how to activate audience exploration behavior through image structure.