北京市新就业群体健康饮食现状、问题及对策建议

Healthy Eating among the Workers in New Forms of Employment in Beijing: Current Status, Problems and Solutions

摘要: 本研究以北京市外卖配送员、快递员、保洁员及装修施工人员等新就业群体为对象，通过问卷调查分析其健康饮食现状与问题。研究发现：该群体存在早餐缺位(仅41.6%每天吃早餐)、三餐不规律、进食时间短、在外就餐比例高等问题。健康食物摄入不足，蔬菜水果、优质蛋白及粗粮消费偏低，而含糖饮料和酒精摄入存在健康风险。尽管94.7%受访者愿意改善饮食习惯，但受工作时间长、健康食品价格高、营养知识缺乏等因素制约，健康意愿与行为存在明显偏差。研究建议建立场景化健康教育体系、推行弹性早餐工程、完善社会化供餐支持，以改善新就业群体由于职业特性导致的饮食状况。

Abstract: This study analyzed the current state and issues of healthy eating among the workers in new forms of employment in Beijing, including food delivery personnel, couriers, cleaning staff, and construction workers, through questionnaire surveys. Findings revealed that this group faces problems such as skipping breakfast (only 41.6% eat breakfast daily), irregular meal times, short eating periods, and a high proportion of meals eaten outside the home. Intake of healthy foods is insufficient, with low consumption of vegetables, fruits, high-quality protein, and whole grains, while sugary drinks and alcohol pose health risks. Although 94.7% of respondents expressed willingness to improve their dietary habits, factors such as long working hours, high prices of healthy foods, and lack of nutritional knowledge create a significant gap between their intentions and actual behaviors. Solutions are suggested including establishing scenario-based health education systems, implementing flexible breakfast programs, and enhancing social meal support services.