自然在英美浪漫主义文学中的作用——以《瓦尔登湖》与《秋颂》为例

The Role of Nature in Anglo-American Romantic Literature—Taking Walden and Ode to Autumn as Examples

摘要: 文章试图从自然描绘的视角出发，深度剖析英美浪漫主义文学中的自然功能，呈现出共性与差异。通过对亨利·大卫·梭罗的散文经典《瓦尔登湖》与约翰·济慈的传世名作《秋颂》的文本篇细读，旨在挖掘二者在审美意趣、情感投射及哲学底蕴上与分野的内在联系。研究指出，英国浪漫主义更多地融入自然视作情感的寄托与诗的阐释，强调直觉体验与隐隐审美上的自我沉醉；相比之下，受超体验主义洗礼的美国浪漫主义则赋予更多的理性思辨、道德感召及社会审视的目的这种基于传统的本土化演变，不仅诞生了文学在不同文化语境下的必然，更体现了思想层面的开拓与革新。

Abstract: This paper attempts to deeply analyze the function of nature in Anglo-American Romantic literature from the perspective of nature depiction, revealing both commonalities and differences. Through close reading of Henry David Thoreau’s classic essay Walden and John Keats’s timeless masterpiece Ode to Autumn, the study aims to uncover the intrinsic connections between their aesthetic sensibilities, emotional projections, and philosophical underpinnings. The research indicates that British Romanticism predominantly integrates nature as an emotional anchor and poetic interpretation, emphasizing intuitive experience and subtle aesthetic self-absorption. In contrast, American Romanticism, shaped by transcendentalism, imbues nature with greater rational speculation, moral appeal, and social critique. This evolution rooted in tradition not only necessitates literary expression within distinct cultural contexts but also embodies intellectual pioneering and innovation.