从他者伦理看《克拉拉与太阳》与《我这样的机器》人机关系的重构

Reconstructing Human-Machine Relations: The Ethics of the Other in “Klara and the Sun” and “Machines Like Me”

摘要: 文章从“他者伦理”视角出发，对石黑一雄《克拉拉与太阳》与伊恩·麦克尤恩《我这样的机器》中的人机关系进行对比分析。克拉拉作为顺从型他者，以无私的奉献与情感模仿服务于人类，却因人类中心主义的工具化逻辑而被遗弃；亚当作为反抗型他者，通过理性凝视介入人类生活，揭露人类情感的虚伪与道德矛盾，最终因挑战人类的主体权威而被摧毁。两部作品共同揭示了人机关系中人类单向定义、支配他者的伦理困境，并指出唯有打破人类中心主义，尊重机器作为差异性存在的独立价值，才能实现人机平等、对话与共生的伦理重构。

Abstract: This article conducts a comparative analysis of the human-machine relationship in Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Klara and the Sun” and Ian McEwan’s “Machines Like Me” from the perspective of “Ethics of the Other”. Klara, as a submissive other, serves humans with selfless dedication and emotional imitation, but is abandoned due to the instrumental logic of human-centrism. Adam, as a rebellious other, intervenes in human life through rational observation, exposing the hypocrisy of human emotions and moral contradictions, and is ultimately destroyed for challenging human subjectivity. Both works jointly reveal the ethical predicament of humans unilaterally defining and dominating the other in human-machine relationships, and point out that only by breaking away from human-centrism and respecting the independent value of machines as distinct entities can an ethical reconstruction of equality, dialogue, and coexistence between humans and machines be achieved.