网络新词“老己”的构词与语用分析

Analysis of Word Formation and Pragmatics of the Internet Neologism “Laoji”

摘要: “老己”一词是自2025年来在微博、豆瓣、B站等社交平台兴起的网络自称代词，被青年群体广泛使用。这一词融合了传统汉语语素的基本内涵和网络语言的表达特点，对观察现代汉语词汇的创新发展与社会语言生活的现状具有典范作用，具备重要的语言学研究意义。本文试以《现代汉语十五讲》中的词汇、语法、语用相关理论为分析框架，主要采用定性分析的研究方法，结合来自社交媒体的真实语料，从构词法、句法表现、语用功能三个角度，对“老己”一词展开系统的研究。结果表明，“老己”是由“老”和“己”两个传统语素，结合网络语境，创新组合而成的词汇。它在句法层面能够完整充当主语、宾语、定语等句子成分，语法功能完备，且与“我”、“自己”形成语用层面的互补关系。它的核心语用功能体现在自嘲表达、亲昵沟通与青年身份构建三个方面。这一词汇的流行，也折射出当代青年的社会心态与网络交流的语言需求。这既是现代汉语在传承基础上不断创新的具体体现，也反映出网络语言与社会文化之间的深度融合与相互影响。

Abstract: “Laoji” is an internet self-referential pronoun popular among young people on social media platforms such as Weibo, Douban, Bilibili and Xiaohongshu since 2025. It integrates the connotations of traditional Chinese morphemes and the expressive features of online language, serving as a typical case for studying the innovation of modern Chinese vocabulary and social language life. Based on the theories of lexicon, grammar and pragmatics in Fifteen Lectures on Modern Chinese, this paper adopts qualitative analysis and authentic online corpus to systematically explore “Laoji” from word formation, syntactic behavior and pragmatic functions. The results show that “Laoji” is an innovative combination of the traditional morphemes “Lao” and “Ji” in online contexts. It can fully act as the subject, object and attributive in sentences with complete grammatical functions, and complements “Wo” (I) and “Ziji” (myself) pragmatically. Its core pragmatic functions include selfmockery, intimate communication and youth identity construction. The popularity of “Laoji” reflects the social mentality of contemporary youth and the linguistic needs of online communication, embodying the inheritance and innovation of modern Chinese as well as the deep integration between online language and social culture.