基于HSK动态作文语料库的留学生否定比较句“不如”的偏误分析

Error Analysis of Foreign Students’ Misuse of the Comparative Structure “Buru” in Negative Comparison Sentences Based on the HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus

摘要: 否定比较句是人们日常生活中经常使用的句式，也是对外汉语教学中的难点内容。本文根据偏误分析和对比分析理论，综合运用语料库研究与文献研究两种方法，系统分析学习者在学习和运用“不如”类否定比较句时可能产生的偏误。本文从句法特点与结构成分两个层面对“不如”句的基本用法进行归纳与梳理，根据HSK动态作文语料库中真实语料，将留学生常见偏误归纳为比较值、比较点、比较项、比较标记及其他偏误五种类型，并从学习者自身和教学两个方面探讨导致偏误产生的原因。在以上分析的基础上，最后分别从学习者与教学者两个视角，提出相应教学建议与学习策略。

Abstract: Negative comparison sentences are frequently used in modern Chinese, which is one of the difficult points in teaching Chinese as a second language. This study is conducted on the basis of comparative analysis theory and error analysis theory, adopts the corpus research method and literature research method to analyze the errors of the negative comparative sentence. This paper summarizes the negative comparative sentences of “inferior” from two aspects: syntactic features and structural components. The error analysis part refers to the HSK dynamic composition corpus. The five types of errors including comparison value, comparison point, comparison item, comparison mark and others, with reasons mainly from learning and teaching aspects. Finally, on the basis of the above research, the author puts forward corresponding suggestions from the perspectives of learners and teachers.