赣州瑞金方言中叠词的语言特征研究

A Study on the Linguistic Characteristics of Reduplicated Words in the Ruijin Dialect in Ganzhou

摘要: 重叠作为汉藏语系中一种重要的语法手段，在汉语普通话及各方言中均展现出丰富的面貌。本文以江西赣州瑞金方言的形容词重叠式为研究对象，旨在揭示瑞金方言形容词重叠式的内在规律，深化对客赣方言语法特征的认识，并为汉语重叠的类型学研究提供一份有价值的个案，系统考察了其形式类型、构词方式、句法功能及语义特征。研究发现，瑞金方言形容词重叠系统呈现出层级丰富的特点，涵盖双音节、三音节、四音节多种格式。其中，三音节的“AAB”式与“ABB”式并存，并与普通话形成语序上的类型对立；四音节的“A瘑A绝”式、“A天A地”式等固定框架式重叠极具方言特色，承载着强烈的程度强化与情感色彩。在语法功能上，重叠式需借助“给”“哩”“子”等结构助词实现句法分布，体现了方言语法系统的精密性。

Abstract: As a significant grammatical device in the Sino-Tibetan language family, reduplication exhibits a rich and varied landscape in both Standard Mandarin and its numerous dialects. This paper takes the adjective reduplication in the Ruijin dialect of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, as its research object. Aiming to reveal the inherent rules of adjective reduplication in the Ruijin dialect, deepen the understanding of grammatical features in the Gan-Hakka dialect group, and provide a valuable case study for the typological research of Chinese reduplication, this study systematically investigates its formal types, morphological structures, syntactic functions, and semantic characteristics. The research reveals that the adjective reduplication system in the Ruijin dialect is characterized by a rich hierarchy, encompassing various patterns including disyllabic, trisyllabic, and quadrisyllabic forms. Notably, the coexistence of the trisyllabic “AAB” and “ABB” patterns forms a typological contrast with Mandarin in terms of word order. Furthermore, quadrisyllabic fixed-frame reduplications such as “A瘑A绝” and “A天A地” are highly distinctive dialectal features, carrying strong intensification of degree and emotional color. In terms of grammatical function, these reduplicated forms require the assistance of structural particles like “给”, “哩”, and “子” to achieve syntactic distribution, reflecting the sophistication of the dialect’s grammatical system.