工程教育认证背景下机械类学生沟通能力培养的困境与突破

Communication Skills Cultivation for Mechanical Engineering Students in the Context of Engineering Education Accreditation: Dilemmas and Breakthroughs

摘要: 工程教育认证明确要求机械类人才具备沟通能力，但当前工科毕业生普遍“会做不会说”，与产业界对复合型人才的需求不符。本研究聚焦机械类专业学生沟通能力培养，采用混合研究设计，对贵州省三所本科高校的师生、十家装备制造企业的管理人员及毕业生进行问卷调查与深度访谈，探究沟通能力培养的现实困境及其成因。结果表明：高校培养中沟通能力实施水平低于技术能力；企业评价中毕业生沟通技能得分最低。主要困境源于课程重理论轻实践、教学评价忽视过程性沟通、师资缺乏工程经验。解决路径包括建立校企协同培养模式、将沟通训练融入项目式学习、引入多元化评价机制、建设“双师型”教师队伍，以实现技术能力与沟通素养协同发展，支撑区域经济高质量发展。

Abstract: The certification of engineering education clearly requires mechanical-type talents to possess communication abilities, but current engineering graduates generally “can do but can’t say,” which does not match the industry’s demand for composite-type talents. This study focused on the development of communication abilities among mechanical-type students. Using a mixed research design, questionnaires were conducted and deep interviews were conducted with teachers and students from three undergraduate universities in Guizhou Province, managers of ten equipment manufacturing companies, and graduates, exploring the real-world difficulties of communication ability development and its causes. The results showed: The level of implementation of communication abilities in university development was lower than technical abilities; graduates scored the lowest in communication skills in corporate evaluations. The main difficulties stemmed from the curriculum’s emphasis on theory over practice, teaching evaluations that neglected procedural communication, and teachers’ lack of engineering experience. The solution paths include establishing a school-corporate co-training model, integrating communication training into project-based learning, introducing a diverse evaluation mechanism, and building a “double teacher” faculty to achieve the co-development of technical capabilities and communication literacy, supporting high-quality development of the regional economy.