电商经济发展缩小城乡收入差距的理论逻辑与作用机理

The Theoretical Logic and Mechanisms through Which E-Commerce Economic Development Narrows the Urban-Rural Income Gap

摘要: 城乡居民收入差距是制约中国经济社会协调发展的核心结构性问题，电商经济发展是影响这一差距的重要因素。本文以技术扩散理论为分析框架，引入技术赋能均等化概念，从接入机会均等、使用过程均等和发展效果均等三个递进维度构建理论分析框架，并结合2013~2022年中国城乡居民收入数据梳理差距演变趋势。研究发现，电商经济发展通过电商创业门槛降低、市场渠道拓展和电商技能积累三条路径，对城乡居民创业就业机会和市场收益产生深远影响，进而系统性地作用于城乡收入差距的演变方向。为此，应建立城乡电商协同发展机制，加大农村电商基础设施投入，完善监测评估体系，创新电商服务支持模式，以电商经济发展推动收入分配公平与经济社会高质量发展。

Abstract: The urban-rural income gap represents a core structural issue constraining China’s coordinated economic and social development, with e-commerce economic development serving as a critical influencing factor. Grounded in innovation diffusion theory and introducing the concept of technology empowerment equalization, this study constructs a theoretical analytical framework across three progressive dimensions—equity of access opportunity, equity of usage process, and equity of development outcomes—and systematically examines the evolutionary trends of the income gap using Chinese urban-rural income data from 2013 to 2022. The findings reveal that e-commerce economic development exerts a profound influence on urban and rural residents’ entrepreneurial and employment opportunities and market returns through three pathways—lowering e-commerce entry barriers, expanding market channels, and accumulating e-commerce skills—thereby systematically shaping the trajectory of the urban-rural income gap. To this end, it is recommended to establish a collaborative urban-rural e-commerce development mechanism, increase investment in rural e-commerce infrastructure, improve monitoring and evaluation systems, and innovate e-commerce service support models, so as to advance income distribution equity and high-quality economic and social development through e-commerce economic development.