果蔬食品保鲜技术研究现状与创新发展策略

Research Status and Innovative Development Strategies of Preservation Technologies for Fruits and Vegetables

摘要: 本文以解决我国果蔬采后损耗偏高的行业难题，促进保鲜技术迭代及产业提质升级为目标，对果蔬采后品质劣变的关键诱因做了十分有层次，有逻辑地剖析：先系统梳理国内外果蔬保鲜技术的研发进展，应用现状及落地壁垒，再从技术落地，产业联动，标准建设三大维度厘清产业发展中所面临的主要问题。由此自然、妥帖地导出结论：果蔬内源生理代谢失衡，病原菌侵染致病，储运环境参数管控不合理，是导致采后品质衰败的根本原因。更难得的是，文中客观、准确地指出现阶段传统贮藏，冷链物流技术日趋成熟，新型绿色保鲜技术也有诸多重要突破，但其产业化推广仍受制于新型技术产业化推广受阻，全产业链保鲜衔接机制缺失，行业标准体系不健全诸种问题。因此，文章提出了三项明确、有力的优化策略：发力绿色智能保鲜技术创新，搭建全链条协同产业模式，完善标准监管体系，既抓住了技术本质，又给出了切实可行的产业路径，堪称理论与实践结合的经典范例。

Abstract: Aiming to address the pressing industry challenge of high post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables in China and drive the iteration of preservation technologies as well as the quality upgrading of the industry, this paper conducts a highly structured and logical analysis of the key triggers for post-harvest quality deterioration of horticultural produce. It first systematically reviews the research and development progress, application status, and implementation barriers of fruits and vegetables preservation technologies worldwide. Then, it identifies the major constraints in industrial development from three dimensions: technology commercialization, industrial collaboration, and standard establishment. Based on the above analysis, the paper naturally and appropriately draws its conclusion: the fundamental causes of post-harvest quality decay are the imbalance of endogenous physiological metabolism in fruits and vegetables, pathogenic microbial infection, and inappropriate control of environmental parameters during storage and transportation. Notably, the paper objectively and accurately points out that while traditional storage and cold-chain logistics technologies have become increasingly mature and numerous important breakthroughs have been made in emerging green preservation technologies, their large-scale industrial application is still hindered by obstacles to the commercialization of novel technologies, the lack of a seamless preservation mechanism across the entire industrial chain, and an imperfect industry standard system. Accordingly, the paper proposes three clear and effective optimization strategies: advancing innovation in green and intelligent preservation technologies, establishing a full-chain collaborative industrial model, and improving the standard and regulatory system. These strategies not only grasp the technical essence but also provide practical industrial pathways, making the paper an exemplary model of integrating theory with practice.