跨境电商平台算法合谋的国际竞争法规制研究

Research on the Regulatory Framework of International Competition Law for Algorithmic Collusion by Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 在数字经济全球化背景下，算法技术深度嵌入跨境电商定价、流量分配及广告竞价等关键业务环节，催生出兼具跨境传导性、去中心化与供应链联动特征的算法合谋行为。该类行为突破传统垄断协议认定边界，构成扰乱国际竞争秩序的新型垄断形态。当前，国际竞争法在规制跨境电商算法合谋时，面临管辖权冲突、认定标准操作性不足、国际协同缺失及技术迭代导致的规制滞后等困境，各国规制差异加剧了全球治理的碎片化。本文通过剖析算法合谋的生成机制与表现形式，梳理欧盟、美国、中国等主要经济体的规制实践，聚焦国际规制核心难点，从管辖权协调、认定规则完善、国际协同机制构建、动态规制体系建立四个维度提出针对性规制路径。结合中国跨境电商发展实践，进一步提出完善国内规制体系、参与国际规则制定及推进跨境执法协作等具体策略，以期为全球跨境电商算法合谋的协同治理提供理论参考与实践指引。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of globalization of the digital economy, algorithm technology is deeply embedded in key business operations of cross-border e-commerce, such as pricing, traffic allocation, and advertising bidding, giving rise to algorithmic collusion characterized by cross-border transmission, decentralization, and supply chain coupling effects. This type of conduct transcends the traditional boundaries of monopoly agreements, constituting a new form of monopoly that disrupts the international competitive order. Currently, the regulation of algorithmic collusion by cross-border e-commerce platforms under international competition law faces dilemmas including jurisdictional conflicts, insufficient operability of identification standards, a lack of international coordination, and regulatory lag due to technological iteration. Disparities in regulatory approaches among different countries exacerbate the fragmentation of global governance. This paper analyzes the formation mechanisms and manifestations of algorithmic collusion, reviews the regulatory practices of major economies such as the European Union, the United States, and China, focuses on the core difficulties in international regulation, and proposes targeted regulatory pathways from four dimensions: coordination of jurisdiction, refinement of identification rules, construction of international coordination mechanisms, and establishment of a dynamic regulatory system. Considering China’s cross-border e-commerce development practices, it further proposes specific strategies, including improving the domestic regulatory system, participating in the formulation of international rules, and promoting cross-border enforcement cooperation, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the collaborative governance of algorithmic collusion in global cross-border e-commerce.