双碳目标下电商快递企业绿色物流绩效评价——基于ESG报告的熵权–TOPSIS分析

Green Logistics Performance Evaluation of E-Commerce Express Enterprises under Dual Carbon Goals—An Entropy-TOPSIS Analysis Based on ESG Reports

摘要: 在“双碳”战略目标与港交所ESG强制披露新规的双重驱动下，电商快递企业的绿色物流转型成为学术研究与产业实践的核心议题。本研究选取京东物流、顺丰控股、中通快递、圆通速递和极兔速递五家港股上市头部快递企业为评价对象，从其2024年度ESG报告中系统提取碳排放管理、绿色包装和清洁能源三个维度共9项量化指标数据。采用熵权法客观确定各指标权重，运用TOPSIS法计算各企业与理想解的相对接近度。结果表明：五家企业绿色物流绩效排名为顺丰控股(C = 0.6708) > 京东物流(C = 0.4839) > 极兔速递(C = 0.4146) > 圆通速递(C = 0.3805) > 中通快递(C = 0.3744)。包装减碳量(16.45%)、光伏装机量(15.25%)与循环包装使用规模(14.04%)是拉开绩效差距的关键因子。本研究为快递企业差异化绿色转型路径规划及行业监管政策优化提供了实证参考。

Abstract: Driven by China’s dual carbon goals and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s mandatory ESG disclosure requirements, the green logistics transformation of e-commerce express enterprises has become a critical research topic. This study selects five Hong Kong-listed express delivery companies—JD Logistics, SF Holding, ZTO Express, YTO Express, and J&T Express—and systematically extracts quantitative data from their 2024 ESG reports across three dimensions: carbon emission management, green packaging, and clean energy, encompassing nine core indicators. The entropy weight method is applied to objectively determine indicator weights, and the TOPSIS method is employed to calculate each enterprise’s relative closeness to the ideal solution. Results show that SF Holding ranks first (C = 0.6708), followed by JD Logistics (0.4839), J&T Express (0.4146), YTO Express (0.3805), and ZTO Express (0.3744). Packaging-related carbon reduction (16.45%), photovoltaic installed capacity (15.25%), and reusable packaging utilization (14.04%) emerge as the primary drivers of inter-firm performance differentiation. This study provides empirical references for differentiated green transformation strategies and regulatory policy optimization in the express delivery industry.