跨境电商综试区对企业供应链配置的影响研究——基于双重差分模型的实证分析

Research on the Impact of Cross-Border E-Commerce Comprehensive Pilot Zones on the Supply Chain Configuration of Enterprises—Empirical Analysis Based on the Difference-in-Differences Model

摘要: 在当前高度不确定的经济环境下，探讨跨境电商综合试验区建设如何优化供应链配置，对提升中国产业链供应链韧性具有重要的现实意义。本文基于2010~2021年中国A股上市公司的面板数据，运用多期双重差分法系统评估了跨境电商综试区设立对微观企业供应链配置的影响及其作用机理。研究发现，综试区设立显著降低了企业供应链整体集中度，推动供应链配置多元化，该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明，综试区主要通过提升创新能力与促进企业数字化转型，打破企业对单一供应链节点的依赖，进而推动供应链配置多元化。进一步分析显示，综试区建设对供应链配置多元化的推动作用在沿海地区、制造业以及非国有企业中更加突出。本文将跨境电商政策的经济后果拓展至微观供应链层面，为企业在复杂的外部环境下优化资源配置、提升抗风险能力提供了重要的经验证据与政策启示。

Abstract: In the current highly uncertain economic environment, exploring how the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones can optimize supply chain allocation is of great practical significance for enhancing the resilience of China’s industrial and supply chains. Based on the panel data of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper systematically assesses the impact of the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones on the supply chain configuration of micro enterprises and its mechanism of action by using the differences-in-differences method in multiple periods. The research found that the establishment of comprehensive pilot zones significantly reduced the overall concentration of enterprise supply chains and promoted the diversification of supply chain configuration. This conclusion still holds true after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism tests show that the comprehensive pilot zone mainly promotes the diversification of supply chain configuration by enhancing innovation capabilities and facilitating the digital transformation of enterprises, breaking their reliance on a single supply chain node. Further analysis shows that the construction of comprehensive pilot zones has a more prominent promoting effect on the diversification of supply chain configuration in coastal areas, manufacturing industries, and non-state-owned enterprises. This article extends the economic consequences of cross-border e-commerce policies to the micro-supply chain level, providing important empirical evidence and policy implications for enterprises to optimize resource allocation and enhance their risk resistance capabilities in a complex external environment.