不同暂养方式对紫石房蛤亲贝性腺发育效果影响初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Different Temporary Rearing Methods on Gonadal Development of Saxidomus purpuratus Broodstock

摘要: 紫石房蛤(Saxidomus purpuratus)是我国北方沿海重要的经济贝类，近年来因野生资源衰退，人工育苗需求日益迫切。亲贝性腺促熟是人工育苗的关键环节，但针对该物种的促熟方法比较单一，都是采集天然接近成熟的种贝，在室内短暂促熟后进行催产，但此种方法无法稳定获取性腺发育成熟亲贝。本研究采用室内低温暂养、室内常温暂养和室外常温暂养(浮筏挂养)三种方法对紫石房蛤亲贝进行促熟处理，通过定期监测死亡率和尝试人工催产，比较不同方法的促熟效果。结果显示：室外常温培养下亲贝性腺发育速度最快，并根据发育状态进行催产试验。结果表明，室外常温培养的死亡率最高，但是唯一获得催产成功。本研究首次系统比较了三种暂养方式对紫石房蛤亲贝的影响，明确了室外常温挂养促进性腺发育效果最高，为该物种规模化人工育苗提供了关键技术参数，对紫石房蛤种质资源保护和养殖产业发展具有重要实践意义。

Abstract: Saxidomus purpuratus is an economically important bivalve species along the northern coast of China. Due to the decline of wild resources in recent years, artificial breeding has become increasingly urgent. Broodstock gonad maturation is a critical step in artificial seedling production; however, maturation methods for this species remain relatively limited. Wild broodstocks approaching natural maturity are collected and subjected to short-term indoor conditioning prior to spawning induction, yet this approach fails to consistently yield individuals with fully mature gonads In this study, three methods—indoor low-temperature culture, indoor ambient-temperature culture, and outdoor ambient-temperature culture (Suspended raft culture)—were employed to promote gonad maturation of S. purpuratus broodstock. By regularly monitoring mortality and attempting artificial spawning induction, the effects of different methods were compared. Results demonstrated that gonad development was most rapid under outdoor ambient temperature, and spawning trials were performed accordingly. Despite the highest mortality, this group was the only one with successful spawning. This study is the first to systematically compare the influences of the three maturation methods on S. purpuratus. The findings clarify that outdoor culture achieves the best gonadal maturation effect, providing critical technical parameters for largescale artificial breeding of this species. The results also have important practical significance for the conservation of germplasm resources and the development of the aquaculture industry of S. purpuratus.