基于人工智能的滩涂埋栖贝类智能采收技术研究进展

Research Progress on Intelligent Harvesting Technology of Buried Shellfish in Tidal Flat Based on Artificial Intelligence

摘要: 滩涂埋栖贝类是我国重要的海水养殖对象，其采收技术水平对养殖效益、资源利用和产业现代化具有重要影响。围绕埋栖贝类智能采收需求，综述了传统采收装备、机器视觉、多传感器融合、数字孪生、水下机器人及系统集成等方面的研究进展，并对国内外典型技术路线进行了比较分析。结果表明，传统采收装备虽能提升作业效率，但仍存在环境扰动大、智能化程度低和复杂工况适应性不足等问题；人工智能与自动控制等技术的引入，为实现高效、精准、绿色采收提供了新路径。未来应加强关键感知技术、智能控制方法、协同装备及标准体系研究，推动埋栖贝类采收向智能化方向发展。

Abstract: Benthic burrowing shellfish inhabiting tidal flats are important mariculture species in China, and the level of harvesting technology has a significant impact on farming efficiency, resource utilization, and industrial modernization. Focusing on the demand for intelligent harvesting of benthic burrowing shellfish, this paper reviews the research progress in traditional harvesting equipment, machine vision, multi-sensor fusion, digital twin technology, underwater robots, and system integration, and compares typical domestic and international technical routes. The results show that, although traditional harvesting equipment can improve operational efficiency, it still suffers from such limitations as substantial environmental disturbance, low intelligence level, and poor adaptability to complex working conditions. The introduction of artificial intelligence and automatic control technologies provides new pathways for achieving efficient, precise, and environmentally friendly harvesting. Future research should strengthen key sensing technologies, intelligent control methods, collaborative equipment, and standard systems, so as to promote the intelligent development of benthic burrowing shellfish harvesting.