环境工程技术在内蒙古设施渔业中的应用与优化路径研究

Study on the Application and Optimization Paths of Environmental Engineering Technology in Facility Aquaculture in Inner Mongolia

摘要: 设施渔业依托工程化设施与信息化技术，是实现渔业转型升级与生态环境协同优化的重要途径。本文以内蒙古设施渔业为研究对象，从环境工程技术视角，系统分析区域设施渔业的设施与装备系统、养殖模式及品种结构演进特征，重点探究循环水养殖、盐碱地资源化、鱼菜共生、温控与水质智能调控等关键技术在节水减排与高密度养殖中的应用成效。研究结果表明，内蒙古已形成以池塘设施养殖与陆基循环水养殖为主体的多元发展格局，核心环境工程技术的集成应用有效提升了养殖效率与生态安全水平，但产业发展仍面临政策供给不足、装备国产化程度低、系统稳定性不足等问题。基于此，本文提出加强顶层设计、完善标准体系、推动尾水处理与生态修复协同发展等对策，明确环境工程技术与设施渔业深度耦合是干旱半干旱地区渔业绿色发展的关键支撑，以期为全国同类生态约束地区发展资源节约型生态渔业提供理论参考与实践范式。

Abstract: Relying on engineered facilities and information technology, facility aquaculture is a critical pathway to realize the transformation and upgrading of the fishery sector and the coordinated optimization of the ecological environment. Taking facility aquaculture in Inner Mongolia as the research object, this paper systematically analyzes the evolution characteristics of facility and equipment systems, aquaculture models, and breed structure of regional facility aquaculture from the perspective of environmental engineering technology. It focuses on investigating the application effects of key technologies including recirculating aquaculture, saline-alkali land resource utilization, aquaponics, and intelligent temperature control and water quality regulation in water saving, emission reduction and high-density aquaculture. The research results show that Inner Mongolia has formed a diversified development pattern dominated by pond-based facility aquaculture and land-based recirculating aquaculture. The integrated application of core environmental engineering technologies has effectively improved aquaculture efficiency and ecological security, while the industrial development still faces challenges such as inadequate policy supply, low localization rate of core equipment, and insufficient system stability. On this basis, this paper puts forward countermeasures including strengthening top-level design, improving the standard system, and promoting the coordinated development of aquaculture tail water treatment and ecological restoration. It clarifies that the deep coupling of environmental engineering technology and facility aquaculture is the core support for the green development of fishery in arid and semi-arid regions, with a view to providing a theoretical reference and practical paradigm for the development of resource-saving ecological fishery in similar ecologically constrained regions across China.