“男子作闺音”的源流考辨——以《诗经》与《古诗十九首》的思妇诗为中心

On the Origin and Evolution of “Men Composing in the Guise of Women”—With a Focus on the “Longing-Wife” Poems in The Book of Poetry and The Nineteen Ancient Poems

摘要: “男子作闺音”是古典诗歌史上一种独特的创作现象，指的是男性文人假托女性身份与口吻进行文学创作。本文以《诗经》与《古诗十九首》中的思妇诗为中心，考辨这一文学现象的源流演变。研究发现，《诗经》中思妇诗虽然作者多不可考，但是已经开“代言体”之先河，到汉代的《古诗十九首》标志着“男子作闺音”从自发到自觉的转变，其思妇诗在情感表达、意象选择等方面既有对《诗经》的继承，又呈现出鲜明的文人特征。这一演变的背后受到“香草美人”比兴传统的影响，同时与汉代社会变迁、文人生命意识觉醒有着紧密的联系。“男子作闺音”不仅是一种创作手法，更是承载着复杂的文化心理内涵，反映文人以“男女喻君臣”的隐喻系统与政治寄托。

Abstract: “Men Composing in the Guise of Women” is a unique creative phenomenon in the history of classical poetry, referring to male literati who compose literary works by assuming a female identity and tone. This paper focuses on the “longing-wife” poems in The Book of Poetry and The Nineteen Ancient Poems, investigating the origin and evolution of this literary phenomenon. Research findings indicate that although most of the authors of the longing-wife poems in The Book of Poetry remain unknown, these poems already pioneered the “ventriloquist” mode of writing. By the time of The Nineteen Ancient Poems in the Han Dynasty, this practice marks a transition of “Men Composing in the Guise of Women” from a spontaneous to a self-conscious literary phenomenon. In terms of emotional expression and imagery selection, the longing-wife poems of The Nineteen Ancient Poems both inherit from The Book of Poetry and exhibit distinct literati characteristics. Behind this evolution lies the influence of the “fragrant grass and beautiful woman” allegorical tradition, and it is also closely linked to the social changes of the Han Dynasty and the awakening of literati’s life consciousness. “Men Composing in the Guise of Women” is not merely a creative method of writing; it also carries complex cultural-psychological connotations, reflecting the literati’s metaphorical system of “using the male-female relationship to analogize the ruler-subject relationship” and their political aspirations.