《呼啸山庄》的幽灵书写与创伤记忆

Spectral Writing and Traumatic Memory in Wuthering Heights

摘要: 《呼啸山庄》中的幽灵意象在既有研究中多被纳入哥特文学传统加以考察。文章从创伤理论视角切入，探讨幽灵书写与创伤记忆的内在关联，依次从创伤的显形、滞留与传递三个层面展开分析。研究表明：凯瑟琳鬼魂的显现体现了创伤“延迟性回返”的时间结构；希斯克厉夫对丧失的拒认与心理封存构成幽灵滞留的深层机制；第二代的脆弱和解揭示了创伤代际传递的复杂面向。结尾幽灵的持续徘徊表明，创伤并未随叙事终结而消散，而是以幽灵的形式持续存在。该研究旨在揭示哥特叙事与创伤话语的深层关联，为维多利亚时代小说研究提供新的阐释路径。

Abstract: The spectral imagery in Wuthering Heights has predominantly been examined within the Gothic literary tradition in existing scholarship. Drawing on trauma theory, this paper examines the intrinsic connection between spectral writing and traumatic memory through three analytical dimensions: the manifestation, persistence, and transmission of trauma. The study demonstrates that the apparition of Catherine’s ghost embodies the temporal structure of traumatic “belated return”; that Heathcliff’s disavowal of loss and psychic encryptment constitute the underlying mechanism of spectral persistence; and that the fragile reconciliation achieved by the second generation reveals the complexity of intergenerational trauma transmission. The persistent haunting at the novel’s conclusion suggests that trauma does not disappear with narrative closure but endures in spectral form. This study aims to illuminate the deep affinity between Gothic narrative and trauma discourse, thereby offering a new interpretive approach to the study of Victorian fiction.