基于Voronoi模型的泡沫铝声学性能研究

Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam Voronoi Homogenization Modeling and Its Acoustic Performance

摘要: 在闭孔泡沫铝的模拟研究中，因内部结构随机、复杂，仿真模型构建待突破。为获取准确泡沫铝仿真结果，开展系列研究，提出了基于Voronoi的随机点算法，利用ABAQUS软件二次开发接口，建立高质量闭孔泡沫铝实体模型。其次，依托COMSOL多物理场仿真平台，计算打孔后闭孔泡沫铝吸声系数，发现86%孔隙率泡沫铝，同厚度、同打孔率下，孔径0.4 mm、1 mm、1.6 mm时，孔径1.0 mm模型平均吸声系数达0.42；借助COMSOL声振耦合模块，分析未打孔闭孔泡沫铝隔声量，2~4 mm、4~6 mm、6~8 mm孔径模型里，2~4 mm孔径模型隔声性能最优。最后，以中走丝线切割、高速电火花打孔机，加工与仿真模型参数一致样件，在阻抗管测试吸声、隔声系数，与仿真数据对比，结果显示仿真接近试验值。

Abstract: In the simulation study of closed-cell aluminum foam, the internal structure is random and complex, and the construction of the simulation model needs breakthroughs. To obtain accurate simulation results of the aluminum foam, a series of studies were conducted. This research proposes a Voronoi-based homogenization random point algorithm to establish a high-quality solid model of closed-cell aluminum foam using the secondary development interface of ABAQUS software. Next, based on the COMSOL multiphysics simulation platform, the sound absorption coefficient of the perforated closed-cell aluminum foam is calculated. It was found that for aluminum foam with a porosity of 86%, under the same thickness and hole ratio, when the hole diameters are 0.4 mm, 1 mm, and 1.6 mm, the model with a hole diameter of 1.0 mm achieves a peak sound absorption coefficient of 0.78. Finally, a sample with parameters consistent with the simulation model was processed using a high-speed electrical discharge machine, and the sound absorption coefficient was tested in an impedance tube. The experimental results were compared with the simulation data, and the results showed that the simulation closely matched the experimental values.