基于多源耦合的矿井异常水温成因研究——以塔什店一号矿井为例

Research on the Causes of Abnormal Mine Water Temperature Based on Multi-Source Coupling—A Case Study of Tashidian No. 1 Mine

摘要: 矿井异常水温是地下热场、含水层结构及采动扰动共同作用的外在表现。针对塔什店一号矿井局部出水温度偏高、层间水力联系判识不足的问题，以新疆库尔勒塔什店矿区一号矿井为研究对象，综合钻孔地温梯度、抽水试验、井下实测水温及水化学资料，分析异常水温空间分布与形成机制。结果表明：研究区地温梯度为1.40℃~3.79℃/100m，平均2.53℃/100m，其中9-3、11-2和13-4孔达到或超过3℃/100m异常阈值，但异常并非区域性整体升温，而表现为局部发育、分层分带特征。H2含水层循环较快，H3-1具过渡导通特征，H3-2低渗、弱循环，是深部热量积聚的主要层位。采动裂隙及揭露通道使H3-2热水释放，并与上覆冷水混合，形成阶段性偏高温水。研究可为类似矿区异常温水识别和防治水提供依据。

Abstract: Abnormal mine water temperatures represent the external manifestation of the combined effects of underground thermal fields, aquifer structures, and mining-induced disturbances. Addressing the issues of elevated local water temperatures and insufficient identification of inter-layer hydraulic connections at the Tashidian No. 1 Mine, this study focuses on the Xinjiang Korla Tashidian Mining Area No. 1 Mine. By integrating borehole geothermal gradients, pumping tests, in-situ water temperature measurements, and hydrochemical data, the spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of abnormal water temperatures were analyzed. The results indicate that the geothermal gradient in the study area ranges from 1.40˚C to 3.79˚C/100m, with an average of 2.53˚C/100m. Boreholes 9-3, 11-2, and 13-4 reached or exceeded the 3˚C/100m anomaly threshold; however, the anomaly does not represent a regional overall warming but rather exhibits localized development with stratified and zoned characteristics. The H2 aquifer exhibits rapid circulation, while H3-1 demonstrates transitional conductivity features, and H3-2, being low-permeability with weak circulation, serves as the primary layer for deep heat accumulation. Mining-induced fractures and exposed channels facilitate the release of hot water from H3-2, which mixes with overlying cold water to form periodically elevated-temperature water. This study provides a basis for identifying abnormal warm water and implementing water control measures in similar mining areas.