基于肠稳态对藿香正气方肠道保护作用的研究
Research on the Intestinal Protective Effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi Formula Based on Intestinal Homeostasis
DOI: 10.12677/hjfns.2026.154047, PDF,   
作者: 李晓双, 隋 群：吉林三九金复康药业有限公司药物警戒部，吉林 敦化；辛子安, 郭笑笑, 陈靖怡, 韩 阳*：沈阳药科大学中药学院，辽宁 沈阳
关键词: 藿香正气方剂；肠道菌群；肠道稳态；肠黏膜屏障；药物机理；Huoxiang Zhengqi Formula； Gut Microbiota； Intestinal Homeostasis； Intestinal Mucosal Barrier； Pharmacological Mechanism
摘要: 藿香正气方剂是解表化湿、理气和中的经典名方，广泛应用于胃肠型感冒及腹泻等疾病的治疗。随着现代微生物组学的发展，肠道菌群被视为维持肠道稳态的核心与多种疾病的调控靶点。藿香正气方剂的传统功效与肠道环境的稳定具有深刻的内在联系。本文利用数据库综合检索相关文献，系统阐述了藿香正气方剂通过调节胃肠动力、消化酶活性，重塑肠道菌群结构多维度机制，恢复肠道微生态平衡的药理研究新范式。本文旨在系统梳理相关研究，整合该方调节肠道菌群结构、抑制病原菌、修复菌群–宿主互作网络的最新证据，探讨其药效成分与菌群的双向相互作用，以期阐释中医“湿浊”理论现代内涵、为指导临床应用提供理论依据和参考。
Abstract: The Huoxiang Zhengqi Formula is a classic renowned prescription for relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness, as well as regulating qi and harmonizing the middle. It is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cold and diarrhea. With the advancement of modern microbiomics, the gut microbiota is recognized as the core for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and a regulatory target for various diseases. There is a profound intrinsic connection between the traditional efficacy of the Huoxiang Zhengqi Formula and the stability of the intestinal environment. This paper utilizes database searches to comprehensively review relevant literature, systematically elaborating on the new pharmacological research paradigm of the Huoxiang Zhengqi Formula. This paradigm involves restoring intestinal microecological balance through multi-dimensional mechanisms, including regulating gastrointestinal motility and digestive enzyme activity, and reshaping the structure of the gut microbiota. The aim of this paper is to systematically collate relevant research, integrate the latest evidence on how this formula modulates the structure of the gut microbiota, inhibits pathogenic bacteria, and repairs the microbiota-host interaction network. It also explores the bidirectional interaction between its active components and the microbiota, in order to elucidate the modern connotation of the traditional Chinese medicine theory of “dampness and turbidity” and provide a theoretical basis and reference for guiding clinical application.
文章引用：李晓双, 辛子安, 郭笑笑, 陈靖怡, 隋群, 韩阳. 基于肠稳态对藿香正气方肠道保护作用的研究[J]. 食品与营养科学, 2026, 15(4): 434-441. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjfns.2026.154047

参考文献

[1] Suzuki, T.A., Tanja, A., Waters, J.L., Jakob, D., Vu, D.L., Ballinger, M.A., et al. (2025) Selection and Transmission of the Gut Microbiome Alone Can Shift Mammalian Behavior. Nature Communications, 16, Article No. 9482. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[2] Lynch, S.V. and Pedersen, O. (2016) The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 375, 2369-2379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Wiertsema, S.P., van Bergenhenegouwen, J., Garssen, J. and Knippels, L.M.J. (2021) The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies. Nutrients, 13, Article No. 886. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] 袁富威, 雍燕, 张桂君, 等. 中药与动物肠道菌群相互作用干预机体机能研究进展[J]. 动物医学进展, 2023, 44(3): 89-93.
[5] 陈刚, 周地, 李宁. 藿香正气方肠道保护作用的研究进展[J]. 重庆医学, 2020, 49(22): 3845-3847.
[6] Feng, W.W., Liu, J., Ao, H., Yue, S. and Peng, C. (2020) Targeting Gut Microbiota for Precision Medicine: Focusing on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Drugs. Theranostics, 10, 11278-11301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] 徐家银, 叶仲昊, 赵胜男, 等. 肠道菌群及代谢产物调节肠黏膜稳态与中药干预作用的研究进展[J]. 中医临床研究, 2021, 13(32): 145-148.
[8] 蒋欣, 欧阳冀琪, 卢粤霞, 等. 基于“和合思想”论治肠易激综合征[J]. 江苏中医药, 2025, 57(10): 34-37.
[9] Kayama, H., Okumura, R. and Takeda, K. (2020) Interaction between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine. Annual Review of Immunology, 38, 23-48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Schreiber, F., Balas, I., Robinson, M.J. and Bakdash, G. (2024) Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells, 13, Article No. 477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Gao, M., Duan, X., Liu, X.R., Luo, S., Tang, S., Nie, H., et al. (2022) Modulatory Effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid on Gut Microbiome Homeostasis Based on Healthy Adults and Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Mice Model. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, Article ID: 841990. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Shen, J.X., Wu, Y., Fang, L. and Tan, Z. (2025) Huoxiang Zhengqi Decoction Ameliorates Gastrointestinal Disorders Induced by Cold and Humid Environmental Stress via Modulation of Intestinal Mucosal Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism. 3 Biotech, 15, Article No. 150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] 陈淑婷. 基于代谢组学和肠道微生态研究陈皮藿香汤对腹泻大鼠的影响[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 广州: 广东药科大学, 2019.
[14] 张桐茂, 刘炜, 赵博, 等. 藿香正气软胶囊对功能性消化不良脾虚湿盛患者胃动力及胃肠激素的影响[J]. 中草药, 2014, 45(15): 2214-2217.
[15] 房志鑫. 藿香正气方药防治消化道疾病药理与临床研究[J]. 长春中医药大学学报, 2013, 29(4): 726-728.
[16] 温克, 焦建杰, 刘印忠, 等. 藿香正气滴丸对正常及乙酰胆碱刺激下动物胃肠道功能的影响[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2011, 20(7): 635-639.
[17] 李春苑. 藿香正气口服液干预湿困脾胃证代谢组学及肠道菌群研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 广州: 广东药科大学, 2018.
[18] 龚梦鹃, 李春苑, 巫圣乾, 等. 16S rRNA高通量测序研究藿香正气口服液对湿困脾胃证大鼠肠道菌群的影响[J]. 中药新药与临床药理, 2019, 30(4): 391-395.
[19] 龚梦鹃, 李春苑, 巫圣乾, 等. 藿香正气口服液干预湿困脾胃证大鼠的血清和粪便代谢组学研究[J]. 中草药, 2017, 48(14): 2889-2894.
[20] 吴仪. 藿香正气散干预寒湿困脾型泄泻小鼠的肠道内容物菌群特征研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 湖南中医药大学, 2022.
[21] 张晨阳. 从肠黏膜菌群-氨基酸代谢研究藿香正气散干预寒湿困脾型泄泻的微生态机制[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 湖南中医药大学, 2022.
[22] 王万莹, 刘梦, 陶晓倩, 等. 藿香正气系列制剂研究进展[J]. 药学研究, 2023, 42(5): 330-334.
[23] Li, Z.R., Wan, F., Zhang, N., Xiong, H., Song, T. and Mei, Z. (2025) Formononetin and Daidzein from Huoxiangzhengqi Formula Ameliorate Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis and Barrier Dysfunction. Phytomedicine, 149, Article ID: 157465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] You, S., Mo, J., Xu, G., Xie, Z., Xiao, W., Zhang, G., et al. (2026) HXZQCG: A Database of Natural Diverse Components in Polyherbal Formulation HXZQ Identified Naringenin Chalcone as a Ligand of H2r. Chinese Herbal Medicines. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] 杨润, 叶志亮, 陈崇莉. 藿香正气水调节小鼠肠道菌群失调的作用研究[J]. 中国民族民间医药, 2019, 28(24): 34-36.
[26] 何颖辉, 罗晓健, 钱星文, 等. 藿香正气胶囊对菌群失调小鼠黏膜免疫的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2007(22): 2397-2400.
[27] Peng, S., Su, P., Liu, L., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Tian, L., et al. (2025) Formononetin Ameliorates Depression-Like Behaviors through Rebalancing Microglia M1/M2 Polarization and Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome: Involvement of Activating PPARα-Mediated Autophagy. Molecular Medicine, 31, Article No. 153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] 沈国方, 游其君, 朱红. 运脾止泻汤治疗小儿脾胃虚弱型慢性腹泻临床研究[J]. 新中医, 2021, 53(17): 118-122.
[29] 石起璘, 马晓慧, 颜璐璐, 等. 藿香正气滴丸治疗功能性消化不良的网络药理学研究[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2014, 23(12): 1371-1377+1422.
[30] 高敏. 藿香正气口服液对肠道菌群和炎症反应的影响效应研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 重庆: 重庆医科大学, 2022.
[31] Duan, Y., Huang, J., Sun, M., Jiang, Y., Wang, S., Wang, L., et al. (2023) Poria Cocos Polysaccharide Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis in Mice. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 249, Article ID: 125953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] 张越, 段雨婷, 张晨, 等. 茯苓多糖通过调节肠道微生物群减轻环磷酰胺引起的肠道屏障和免疫损伤[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2026, 46(1): 34-46.
[33] Gao, K., Mu, C.L., Farzi, A. and Zhu, W.Y. (2020) Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link between the Gut Microbiota and Brain. Advances in Nutrition, 11, 709-723. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] 呙燕, 郑近园, 张佳, 等. 川陈皮素对单纯性肥胖症大鼠肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响[J]. 中国病理生理杂志, 2024, 40(1): 148-156.
[35] 吴炎培, 陈露, 聂黎行, 等. 藿香正气水药效物质基础和质量控制研究进展[J]. 中国现代中药, 2024, 26(9): 1618-1626.
[36] Xie, Q., Li, H., Ma, R., Ren, M., Li, Y., Li, J., et al. (2022) Effect of Coptis chinensis Franch and Magnolia officinalis on Intestinal Flora and Intestinal Barrier in a TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Rats Model. Phytomedicine, 97, Article ID: 153927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Wang, Y., Sun, C., Cao, Y., Jiao, T., Wang, K., Li, J., et al. (2025) Glycyrrhizic Acid and Patchouli Alcohol in Huoxiang Zhengqi Attenuate Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Injury via Regulating Endogenous Corticosterone Metabolism Mediated by 11β-HSD1. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 338, Article ID: 119025. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] 吴方. 基于肠道菌群和宿主代谢解读陈皮的活性物质基础[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2026.
[39] 翟宏丽. 藿香正气提取物改善胃动力障碍的临床与基础研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 天津: 天津医科大学.2005
[40] 席素曼. 紫苏汤的口服凝胶研制及其对肠道菌群与肠道酶活性的调节作用[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 天津: 天津中医药大学, 2023.
[41] 李玉婷, 杨放, 刘涛, 等. 基于治疗胃肠感染性腹泻的藿香正气系列制剂再评价研究[J]. 中国抗生素杂志, 2023, 48(6): 657-665.
[42] 薛胜男, 宋旺弟, 王云云, 等. 低分子量甘草多糖对健康小鼠免疫功能、肠道菌群和代谢产物的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(13): 196-206.
[43] 冯海艳, 张越, 许毛, 等. 厚朴酚对坏死性小肠结肠炎新生大鼠的肠道保护作用及机制[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2025, 41(9): 1728-1735.
[44] 黄庆芳, 龚梦鹃, 陈艳芬, 等. 藿香正气口服液对湿困脾胃证大鼠肠屏障功能的作用研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2020, 45(9): 2144-2150.
[45] 邵匡振, 丁向萍, 张子恒, 等. 中药益生元的研究进展[J]. 中国微生态学杂志, 2024, 36(7): 838-842.
[46] Yang, W., Zhang, W., Huang, X., Geng, S., Zhai, Y., Jiang, Y., et al. (2025) Gut Microbiota, a Potential Mediated Target for Reducing Geniposide Hepatotoxicity by Interacting with Isoflavones. Engineering, 47, 222-235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[47] 杨必乾, 殷亭湄, 邓毅, 等. 基于网络药理及肠道菌群探讨甘草对药源性肝损伤的保护作用[J]. 中成药, 2025, 47(5): 1708-1714.
[48] 程海天. 基于分子网络的藿香正气散调节胃肠功能作用[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2026.
[49] 卿玉玲, 孙克宏, 郑飞鸣, 等. 藿香正气液治疗胃肠型感冒临床观察[J]. 重庆医学, 2006(6): 548.
[50] 夏小健. 藿香正气液治疗细菌性痢疾40例疗效观察[J]. 北方药学, 2012, 9(4): 12-13.
[51] 吕丹杨. 藿香正气软胶囊治疗肠易激综合征58例临床观察[J]. 浙江中医杂志, 2004(7): 34.
[52] 张声生, 吴咏冬, 冯培民, 等. 藿香正气口服液治疗胃肠型感冒暑湿证的多中心、双盲随机对照临床研究[J]. 中医杂志, 2020, 61(11): 964-970.
[53] 张丽, 李佳蓉. 藿香正气散联合香砂六君子汤化裁治疗急性胃肠炎患者的临床效果[J]. 反射疗法与康复医学, 2024, 5(21): 38-41.